AREAS OF USE OF METALS IN MEDICINE

Аннотация

This article covers the areas of application of metals in medicine. Metals are widely used in medicine in the manufacture of prostheses, implants, surgical instruments and diagnostic tools. Their biotechnological properties, corrosion resistance and biological compatibility make them important materials in medical and surgical practice. In particular, the importance of metals such as titanium, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, gold and silver is emphasized. The article also analyzes the effect of these metals on the human body, their safety and long-term service life. The study also covers innovations and prospects in medical metallurgy. Keywords: medicine, metal, titanium, implant, prosthesis, surgical instrument, biocompatible, corrosion, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, gold, silver, diagnostics, materials science, biocompatibility, medical technology, safety, bioinertness, innovation, medicinal 1.Introduction The development of modern medicine relies on many technological advances, one of which is the role and importance of metals in medicine. Although metals have been used to maintain and restore human health since ancient times, today their areas of application have expanded significantly. In particular, metals and their alloys, which have properties such as high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and chemical inertness, have become the most important materials for modern medical procedures. Some of the metals used in medicine - for example, titanium, cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless steel, gold, silver, and platinum - perform many important functions[1]. Titanium is used in bone implants, cobalt-chromium in prosthetic systems, and stainless steel in surgical instruments. The main advantage of these metals is that they do not have an allergic or toxic effect on the human body, have a long service life, and are resistant to various physicochemical factors. Therefore, when choosing metal materials in the medical field, not only their physical and chemical properties, but also theirbiological safety are ofgreat importance. On the other hand, medical metallurgy is not limited to the use of existing materials, but is also aimed at developing new generation biomaterials. In this case, their effectiveness is being increased by creating metal nanoparticles, bioactive surface coatings, and corrosion- resistant thin films[2]. Metal materials developed based on new technologies are successfully used in pacemakers, artificial heart valves, orthopedic screws, and other types of implantable devices. Such processes not only simplify surgical procedures, but also reduce the patient's recovery time and accelerate the rehabilitation process. The wide-scale use of metals in medicine is directly related to the strength, reliability, and long-term service 98,7:ROTCAFTCAPMI.SECNEICSLACIDEM ,5202 ,lirpA,5emuloV gro.srehsilbupcimedaca.www life of medical devices. At the same time, environmental safety and recyclability are also urgent issues. In short, the use of metals in medicine is not only a combination of science and technology, but also an important direction aimed at improving human health and qualityof life[3]. 2.Research andmethod This study examined how metals and their alloys are used in medicine, their effectiveness and safety, as well as their physical, chemical, and biological properties. During the study, previously published scientific articles, monographs on medical technologies, metrological reports, and recommendations of international health organizations were analyzed. The goal was to identify the most commonly used metals and their properties in medicine, and to evaluate the effectiveness of implants, prostheses, and devices made from them and their effects on the human body[4]. The study used analytical, experimental, and comparative methods. The physicochemical and biological characteristics of each metal were studied using the analytical method. In the experimental part, statistical analyses were conducted on the effects of different metals on the human body based on the available data. Using the comparative approach, a comparative analysis of different metals was conducted. In particular, the corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, strength and reliability of metals such as titanium, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, gold and silverwere determined, and the service life, safety and adaptation of medical devices made on their basis to the patient's body were studied. The metals were evaluated in various aspects: their weight, elastic modulus, tensile strength, biological inertness, corrosion resistance and cost-effectiveness. In particular, titanium and its alloys have a high level of biocompatibility and are distinguished by being one of the lightest metals in terms of weight. Stainless steel is distinguished by its low cost and strength, but can sometimes cause allergic reactions in cases of long-term contact. Cobalt-chromium alloys, on the other hand, are h