LINGUISTICS AND ITS STUDY

Аннотация

This article examines the ideas that emerged as a result of the scientific understanding of culture in the modern era, the understanding of the uniqueness of spirituality and spirituality that humanity has created and continues to create. Keywords: culture, science, humanity, spirituality, psyche, identity, understanding, encyclopedist, human, perfection, community. ЛИНГВИСТИКА И ЕЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются идеи, возникшие в результате научного осмысления культуры в современную эпоху, понимания уникальности духовности и духовности, которую создало и продолжает создавать человечество. Ключевые слова: культура, наука, человечество, духовность, психика, идентичность, понимание, энциклопедист, человек, совершенство, сообщество. Cultural studies studies all cultural values created by mankind, the most general laws of their development. The main task of the field is to “study all processes related to the spiritual life of people” and “the interaction of man with nature and society”. The sources of research in the field are industry created by man, language serving as a means of communication between people, science as a social asset, social relations and social organizations, demographic and ethnic processes. Culture is a set of material and spiritual assets that are the result of human creative activity, and also reflects the level of development of society. As is known, culture is divided into two types - material and spiritual culture. The science of cultural studies is divided into such branches as the philosophy of culture (reflecting the most general principles of the approach to analyzing complex and multifaceted processes in culture, based on comparative analysis and classification), cultural morphology (studies a specific form of culture that is independent of humans and exists independently in society), the sociology of culture (studies the specific processes of culture existing in a given society), the history of culture (studies each culture as a unique and original phenomenon, and also compares different cultures with each other), and the ecology of culture (covers all areas of modern human activity: the individual life of a person, the life of society, and his interaction with nature). The term "culture" is expressed in various meanings in modern scientific literature. The terms "culture" and "cultura", according 996 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4 to experts, in Latin mean "to cultivate", "to nurture". Later it was used in the sense of "to be enlightened", "to be educated", "to be knowledgeable". The term "culture", widely used in the Uzbek language, comes from the Arabic "madaniy" - "urbanity". If, according to the data of American cultural scientists A. Kroeber and K. Klaxon in 1952, the definition given to the phenomenon of culture is 164, then in recent literature this number is more than 400. The scientific concept of culture in the present era arose as a result of the understanding of the uniqueness of spirituality, the psyche that humanity has created and continues to create. The encyclopedist Abu Nasr Farobi, in his treatise "On the Achievement of Happiness and Happiness", emphasizes the great role of the community in human perfection and says: "It is impossible for one person to achieve perfection alone (without the help of someone or many)." Culture is a fundamental, decisive concept for linguistic and cultural studies. Therefore, we found it necessary to consider its content and semiotic nature in detail. The word culture has an alternative in scientific language. This word is derived from the Latin word “Colere” and means “education, development, remembrance, cult”. Since the 18th century, it has been used in relation to everything that has arisen as a result of human activity and thought. These meanings were also present in the word culture in later times. However, initially the word meant “the purposeful influence of man on nature, the transformation of nature for the benefit of man” (for example, the culture of agriculture). Anthropology is one of the first sciences about man and his culture, studying human behavior, the establishment of norms, prohibitions, taboos related to the entry of man into the system of sociocultural relations, the influence of culture on sexual differentiation, the cultural phenomenon of love, and mythology as a cultural phenomenon. This science arose in English-speaking countries in the 19th century and is divided into several branches. One of the important areas of interest to us is cognitive anthropology. Cognitive anthropology is based on the view of culture as a system of symbols. These symbols are related to the human ability to understand, the formal and spiritual structure of the world. According to researchers of cognitive anthropology, language contains all cognitive categories, which are distinguished by the fact that they constitute the existence of the human mind and culture. These categories are not