ETHNIC COMPOSITION AND LOCATION FEATURES OF THE POPULATION OF THE FERGANA VALLEY

Аннотация

The settling Turks, naturally, settled mainly in the places where they moved. Therefore, Turkish villages in the Fergana Valley are located on the slopes of the hills that begin in the west and end in theeast and surround the valley from thesouth. Keywords: Karluk, Yagma, Chigil, Ashpar, Chograk, Kovchin, Jaluar, Barlos, Naiman, Khitoin, Bakhrin, Togay, Argin. The level and scope of development of interethnic relations in a particular historical and ethnographic region largely depends on the ethnic composition of the population of this region. It is known that interethnic relations between different ethnic communities are most intense in areas where ethnic groups live mixed or side by side. The Fergana Valley has long been considered a region of such ethnocommunication. In the period under study, the main part of the population of the valley was made up of Uzbeks, Tajiks and Kyrgyz. In addition, many ethnic groups that migrated to this region at different stages of history also lived. The Uzbek people, formed on a local ethnic basis, united many ethnic components in themselves at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and the following three ethnic "layers" were clearly manifested in the period under study. The rural and urban population, which has been living in a settled manner since ancient times, engaged in agriculture, crafts and trade, and is not divided into clans and tribes, formed as a result of the long ethnogenetic assimilation (mixture) of the Iranian-speaking peoples with the Turkic ethnos and other ethnic components. In Russian-language literature, the term "sort" is used for this stratum of the population. The term "sort" is a name given by nomadic and semi- nomadic peoples to the settled population living in a number of regions of the Central Asian region, in particular, in the Fergana Valley, Tashkent, and the Khorezm oasis. The second ethnic stratum, called "early tribes" in the scientific literature, included the descendants of the Turkic and Turkic-Mongol tribes who lived in the central regions of Central Asia, including the Fergana Valley, before the arrival of the Dashti-Kipchak Uzbeks. Tribes belonging to this ethnic group, such as the Qarluq, Yagma, Chigil, Ashpar, Chograk, Qovchin, Jaloir, Barlos, Naiman, Khitoy, Bahrin, Togay, Argin, and Balych, formed a relatively large majority in the Fergana Valley. In 62 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue04(2025) the 19th and early 20th centuries, these tribes were referred to by a common name, that is, the ethnonym "Turk".[1.b.12] The Dashti Kipchak tribes, such as Chunonchi, Kirq, Yuz, Ming, Kun'gorat, Kenegas, Qatagon, Saray, Tama, Mangit, and Boka, who migrated to the Fergana Valley at the beginning of the 16th century, are considered the third largest ethnic group in the formation of the Uzbek people. The total number of semi-nomadic (semi-sedentary) Uzbeks with a diverse clan-tribal structure in the valley, according to the statistical data of that time, was more than 215,000. [2.b.29] These semi- nomadic (semi-sedentary) Uzbeks united a number of sub-ethnic groups in their composition, among which such ethnographic groups as Turks, Kipchaks, Yuz, Kurama, and Bing were numerically more numerous than other sub-ethnic groups in the Fergana Valley. The Turks are one of the main layers of the ethnic composition of the Uzbek people. They have lived in Central Asia, in particular the Fergana Valley, since ancient times, have constantly settled and have been in ethnogenetic and cultural relations with the local peoples. The Turks are considered to have entered the territory of Central Asia much earlier than the Shaybanis in scientific literature. are considered descendants of previously settled Turkic, Turko-Mongol tribes98. The main part of the representatives of this ethnic community by the period we are considering had already settled down, had already assimilated into the local settled - "Uzbek" population. At the same time, a certain part of them had preserved their ethnic features (ethnonym, economic and cultural uniqueness) for many centuries and were distinguished by these features from other surrounding ethnic groups. For example, in the population censuses of 1897 and 1926, the Turks were considered "people", whilein thestatistical data of1917and 1920they were recognized as a"separate tribal group". In 1897, the total number of Turks in Fergana was 14,441, and in 1926 - 24,279. The 1926 census also shows that the majority of the "Turks" lived in the Andijan and Fergana regions. Of the 24,279 Turks in the valley, 20,063 lived in the Andijan and Fergana regions, and 4,216 in the Osh and Jalalabad regions.103 Like all nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoral peoples, the Turks were also characterized by tribal divisions. An analysis of the literature shows that the Turks, Barlos, M