GRAY IRRIGATED SOILS OF PAYARIQ DISTRICT ON AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Аннотация

The agrochemical properties of gray irrigated soils of Payariq district and the influence of the irrigation process on them were studied. The main factors ensuring soil fertility - the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the dynamics of their change were analyzed. Also, the problem of soil salinization and degradation as a result of improper irrigation was considered, and recommendations were given to increase soilfertility. Keywords; gray soils, irrigation, agrochemical properties, salinity, soil fertility, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Introduction. Payariq district is one of the important regions for agriculture , and its gray soils constitute arable land, the fertility of which is increased by irrigation. Studying the agrochemical state of soil is of great importance in maintaining and increasing its fertility . This article analyzes the chemical composition of irrigated gray soils of Payariq district and the effect of irrigation on them . over thepast half century, whilethe world populationhas increased from 4 billion to 8 billion, the area of arable land for agriculture has increased by only 8% . It is impossible tounderstand howvaluable these lands are to humanity. Currently, the total area of our republic is 44,410.3 thousand hectares, or 57.8 million hectares of the total land fund.Of these ,intensively used agricultural lands, that is, irrigated areas, are considered the“golden fund ” ofourrepublic .They make upabout 10%of thetotal land fund and provide 95 %of gross agricultural products .This determines the production activities of the agricultural and national economy of our republic and serves as the main factorin increasing theeconomic potential ofour state . Increasing soilfertility is associated with thelaws of soilformation processes. Therefore, 48 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue04(2025) a detailed comprehensive assessment of the composition and properties of soils, as well as the determination of thelaws oftheir distribution, is becoming an urgent task. Currently, land isa limited and non-renewablenatural resource. Land used in agriculture, especially irrigated land, is undoubtedly an invaluable treasure of all peoples and an important source of living conditions. The rational and effective use of these lands, the expansion of their land fundhave always been the main issue facing humanity. This is especially evident withthe continuousgrowth ofthepopulation and thedemand for foodproducts. Rational useof landand natural resources, soil protection, and improvement of its meleorative state are of great importance. Naturalists, ecologists, soil scientists, land reclamation specialists, economists, and lawyers were deeply concerned about the rapid and sometimes irreparable destruction of the soil layer, as well as the widespread soil crisis, which was not given serious attention during theformer SovietUnion. Irrigated agricultureis widespread inUzbekistan. Irrigated soils are mainly located in the region of typical and light gray soils, on the gray-brown, barren soils of the vachol zone. Large areas or oases where irrigated agriculture is practiced are spread in our republic between the Zarafshan, Amu Darya, Syrdarya rivers and in the Fergana Valley. In Uzbekistan, irrigated light-colored, typical dark gray soils, gray meadow soils, and bozo- meadow soils are considered the most fertile by their natural properties, while barren, especially gray-brown and sandy desert soils are less fertile. They differ from each other in the physical properties ofwater and theamount ofhumus. Different soils undergo different changes in their profile structure, depending on when they were developed and how longthey have been irrigated . Under theinfluence ofirrigation, an eluvial process occurs, a newagroirrigation layer is formed, and its biological activity increases, and biologically activesubstances in thesoil increase. Such changes occur especially rapidly intheconditions ofmodern agricultural production . As a result of the annual application of large amounts of local and mineral fertilizers to the soil and deep tillage, a lot of organic matter accumulates in the soil, its agrophysical properties improve, and its genetic layers change significantly. Thus, a new type of soil is formed, the properties of which are almost equal for automorphic and hydromorphic soils. There is almost no difference between desert soilsand gray soils. Soilconditionsof Payariqdistrict Nutrienttype Humus Soil pH content, % Phosphorus Potassium content content (P O ), layer, 2 5 (K O), mg/kg 2 mg/kg cm 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 0-20 7.99 7.99 0.67 0.66 15.67 15.45 146.00 147.00 1 20-40 7.85 7.85 0.61 0.62 13.12 13.21 127.00 28,00 40-60 7.83 7.83 0.59 0.57 12.11 12.10 115.00 112.00 49 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DE