Эпидемиология бешенства и меры борьбы с ним

Аннотация

This article describes the diagnostic examination of animal heads brought for examination with suspicion of rabies at the Virology Laboratory of the Samarkand Regional State Center for the Prevention and Control of Rabies, and the fact that dogs are the main cause of the spread of these diseases. Аннотация. Ушбу мақолада қутуриш касаллигини тарқалишида асосий сабабчиси бўлган итларнинг Самарқанд вилояти ҲКТООХ давлат маркази Вирусология лабораториясида қутуриш касаллигига гумон қилиниб текширишга олиб келинган ҳайвон каллаларини диагностик текшириш ишлари ва бу касалликларни тарқалишида итлар асосий сабабчи эканлиги ёритилган. Keywords. Animals, rabies, virus, diagnostic, pathological specimen, brain, luminescent, microscopy, bioassay, white mice.+ Калит сўзлар. Ҳайвонлар, қутуриш, вирус, диагностика, патологик намуна, бош мия, луминицент, микроскопия, биосинов, оқ сичқонлар. Relevance of the topic. The development of animal husbandry in providing our people with high-quality food products is hindered by extremely dangerous infectious diseases that occur among animals. Among the infectious diseases of agricultural animals, rabies has always been a pressing problem for medical and veterinary specialists. All warm-blooded animals and humans are susceptible to the disease. Wild carnivores and rodents ensure the stability of the disease virus in nature. Therefore, the complete elimination of rabies is a major problem. Rabies affects all types of agricultural animals, as well as predators and carnivores of the animal world, as well as humans. Affected animals and people die as a result of tragic consequences. There is no exact information about when and where rabies appeared. However, according to scientific sources, oriental healers encountered this disease in humans and animals 3000 years before our era. Much research has been conducted on the development of measures to combat rabies and methods of treatment, which have a long history, and research in this direction is ongoing. However, the drugs created as a result of this research serve only to prevent the disease. Thus, the prevention of rabies in humans and animals and the treatment of the disease remain relevant. In order to treat sick animals and prevent the disease, it is first necessary to have a thorough knowledge of its epizootological processes. Because without knowing where and in which animals the "field" rabies virus is found, and without having an 1 newjournal.org zenodo.org idea of how this virus circulates in nature, the applied countermeasures will not give good results. In recent years, according to many years of observations by scientists in this field, it has been proven that the main source of rabies is wild animals in nature (foxes, wolves, jackals and wild cats). In fact, wild animals are constantly activating the disease virus (causing agent) to each other as a natural source. They then transmit this virus to farm animals and dogs. The chain of epizootological process continues in this way. In such conditions, it is difficult to fight the disease without reducing the activity of the first source. Because in the process of disease reproduction, first of all, weather, climate change, drought, areas with humid climate (rivers and lakes, water reservoirs) serve as natural foci. As a result, the disease spreads both in the area where it was not observed, and among domestic animals and dogs in nearby residential areas. Secondly, in nature, an excessive increase in the number of dominant species due to competition between wild animal species also leads to an increase in the disease. For example, currently, due to a decrease in the number of wolves, foxes and jackals are increasing. Therefore, most of the pathological specimens examined are foxes and jackals. An increase in the activity of the first source in nature, in turn, leads to an increase in the second source of the disease among domestic animals. Thirdly, the large-scale development of protected areas in our republic over the past 20-25 years has led to a number of negative consequences from a medical and veterinary point of view. This can be explained as follows: due to the development of lands located near the slopes of the mountains and in the foothills and steppe zones, the population has also settled in these areas, and farm buildings have been built on the slopes of the mountains. As a result, wild animals that used to live in a large area have been concentrated in one zone. This further increases the activity of the natural source and leads to the emergence, spread and multiplication of the disease in closely located farms and farms. Fourthly, given its biological characteristics, the rabies virus circulates in natural sources depending on the type of animal that is the main host. Some species of animals serve as a link in the epizootic process. Because the virus adapts in the organism of that animal. Such animals, which are considered the main hosts of the virus, include wild