Babur’s views on the state

Аннотация

The article analyzes the fact that Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, as a great statesman and an advanced enlightened thinker, put forward his own political views. Keywords: Babur, statesman, enlightenment, political views, central. Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, as a great statesman and an advanced enlightened thinker, put forward his own political views. central to his political views is society and public administration. When thinking about states, Babur divided them into two types: 1. A just, centralized state; 2. An unjust, scattered state. Babur, who was always a supporter of a just, centralized state, believed that the state should be ruled by a just, enlightened king. He spoke negatively of the unjust, fragmented state, describing the dual power that emerged as one of the unjust forms of government in Khorasan at the time, following the death of Sultan Hussein Baykara, as follows: “... Muhammad Burundukbek and Zunnunbek, as well as Sultan Hussein Mirza, and the princes who were with these mirzas came together and made an alliance, and Mirza Baduzzaman and Mirza Muzaffar Husayn made him the king of Bashir. Zunnunbek at the door of Badi'uzzamon mirzo, Muhammad Burunduqbek at the door of Muzaffar Hussein mirzo. Yusuf Ali Kokaldosh by Bidi'uzzaman Mirza. It was a strange command, no company was ever heard in the kingdom ... ”[1, p.140]. According to Babur, the downside of dual power is that neither of these two kings assumes personal responsibility and initiative in defending the state, commanding the army. As a result, the country is occupied by the enemy and the country is in chaos. According to Babur, the dual kingdom would lead to sectarian strife, various conspiracies, and the country's disintegration and destruction. “.. At that time, I used to say to Baqibek 82 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) manga karrot and marrot: in one province, two kings and two mirs of a cherik, the mujib of the army, is division and destruction, and the cause is conspiracy and despair” [1, p.103]. Babur believed that all things and events depended primarily on the will of Allah, the radical improvement and development of the state and society, including the individual, a just, enlightened king, and that the kingdom has always existed and will continue to do so. In Babur’s views on the state, the example of a just, centralized state was the reign of Amir Temur, and the most acceptable form of government was that of Sahibkiran. The main direction of Babur’s state activity was to build and strengthen a centralized state that was economically and militarily powerful. In his work as head of state, he always tried to follow the example of his great grandfather Amir Temur, to act with justice in the interests of the country. Babur condemned the state, career, arrogance, forgetfulness of ordinary workers, and called on officials to be humble, to act with human dignity in mind. “Давлатқа етиб меҳнат элин унутма, Бу беш кун учун ўзингни асру тутма, Борғони кел эмди, ёд қилмай, эй дўст, Бориш-келишингни лутф этиб ўксутма” [2, p.92]. Babur cannot imagine society without the state. He deifies the state to a certain extent, comparing the king to the imam and considering him to be the “shadow” of Allah on earth. Babur’s purpose in declaring the king an imam, a shadow of Allah on earth, is not to praise the state system, but to emphasize that the country cannot be ruled by a majority, and that everyone must obey the king in order to maintain the unity and peace of the state. Boyuur understood the kingdom as the most acceptable form of governing the state and in 558 issued a decree declaring himself king: “.. Until this date, Temurbek’s descendants were called the sultan mirza, this time I ordered them to call me king ...” [1, p .160]. Babur treated the people of different nationalities in India equally and called them to unite under one kingdom with hope, to submit to the will of the king: “Turks, Tajiks, Arabs, non-Indians, Indians, Persians and soldiers - all nations, all people Let the categories of the people, relying on this eternal gift, hope and engage in the prayers of our state, which is united to eternity, and do not go beyond the execution of these judgments, and do not act in accordance with the decree. If this verdict is signed by the great king, let them believe ... ”[1, p.170]. In a letter to his son Komron Mirza, who lived in Kandahar, Babur expressed his positive attitude towards the people and clergymen who came with him from Turkestan and called on him to do the same: “... They do not 83 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) sit idly by, they do not sit idly by, they do not sit idly by, they do not sit idly by, they do not sit idly by. Although the people of Khorasan are good people, there is no word in their virtues, but there are tensions in their sects and nations ... There is a nation where the father of the Turkish nation started his hand, his mother started the wedding,