From the history of Navruz holiday

Аннотация

The article analyzes the history of the ancient national holiday of the Uzbek people Navruz, its symbolic meaning, historical roots with the help of scientific literatures. Keywords: Navruz, national holiday, historical holiday, Central Asia, culture. To begin with, in the 11th century, the great scholar of the East, Mahmud Kashgari, wrote the truth: “The holiday is a day of joy and happiness of the people” [1, p.55]. Indeed, we are sure that the ancient holidays and customs, which have become ingrained in the life of the people, will help us to gain a deeper understanding of the paths traversed by mankind, to be proud of our victories and to look to the future with hope. If we rely on the idea that the holiday is the primitive form of human culture, we can trace the buds of the holidays to the earliest times when the human race began to emerge in Central Asia; for the deep roots of the festivals go back to the infancy of mankind. The great encyclopedist Abu- Rayhan Beruni in his book “Monuments of Ancient Peoples” used a wonderful phrase that is characteristic of nature and humanity, that is, “Just as the Sun and the Moon are the two eyes of the sky, Navruz and Mehrjan are the two eyes of time” [2, p.45]. According to Beruni, the Sogdians celebrated the first day of the month of Mavsard - Navruz (new day, or the beginning of the year) in the spring at the same time of day and night, that is, on March 21 or 22. “Mehrjon” is a holiday that celebrates this state of autumn. The autumn equinox, which lasted until September 22, and Navruz and Mehrjon benefited each other in the Zoroastrian calendar. The wise poet of the East, astronomer, mathematician Umar Khayyam in his work “Navruznoma” notes that the word “Navruz” was first mentioned in the holy book of Zoroastrianism “Avesta”. “Avesta” is an important source of information about the life, culture and spiritual life of the peoples of Central Asia, Iran and Azerbaijan. 77 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) So, it has been thousands of years since spring attracted the game of thought, kindness and passion of our ancestors. Avesta, which mentions Navruz as a holiday, also states that the meaning of human life should be embodied in three senses. These are good thoughts, good words, good deeds. It teaches that man, with his whole being, must strive to cultivate and perfect these three meanings in himself. Ancient monuments once again testify to the fact that labor is highly valued in Navruz. Oriental scholar Umar Khayyam wrote in Navruznama: “If everyone celebrates Navruz, his life will inevitably pass with joy and happiness until the arrival of Navruz next year”. There are many theories and legends about the origin of Navruz, and if we look at some pre-Islamic Zoroastrian ideas, the first day of spring was celebrated as a holy day when the god of good overcame the god of evil. This date coincided with the day of Navruz [3, p.32]. In other ancient legends, the day of meeting Adam and Eve is recognized as the holiday of Navruz. In Firdavsi’s work “Shohnoma” the origin of the New year “Navruz” is connected with the name of King Jamshid. In particular, Jamshid trains people for a profession in order to do good to the country. He spins yarn, weaves baths, houses palaces, reveals medical secrets, builds ships, builds gardens, and so on. The Central Asian historian Abu Nasr Narshahi (899-959) wrote in his History of Bukhara that on the day of Navruz, people kissed a rooster at the tomb of Siyavush, and that more than three thousand years had passed. Alisher Navoi’s work “Tarihi mulki ajam” also states that “Navruz” was invented at the end of Jamshid's great discoveries. It is clear from the historical sources that have come down to us that the celebration of Navruz in Iran, Central Asia and Afghanistan was widespread during the Achaemenid period (6th century BC), and if this is true, the history of Navruz dates back to the 6th century BC. It becomes even clearer that it has a history of more than 2,000 years, and a history of four thousand years in general. According to one of the ancient Iranian legends, Jamshid made a royal throne and polished it with various rare stones, wore a precious crown with several different jewels, and sat on the throne in the morning. At that moment the sun rises and the golden rays of the sun illuminate Jamshid's crown. The whole environment is enlightened. Seeing this strange miracle, the people were surprised and celebrated the day when Jamshid ascended the throne as “Navruz”, ie “New Day” (according to Abu Rayhan Beruni). Based on this fact, SP Tolstov concludes that Navruz was once not only a celebration of the vitality of sunlight, agriculture, abundant harvests and spring celebrations, but also a celebration of the new heir to the throne in the New Year. 78 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) Although such interpretations of the origin of Navruz can be analyzed from different angles