THE CONCEPT OF LOGICAL THINKING AND ITS CONCEPT

Аннотация

Данная статья посвящена изучению понятия логического мышления, а также анализу его содержания и сущности. В статье рассматриваются философские, психологические и педагогические аспекты логического мышления, его значение в повседневной жизни и роль в системе образования. Кроме того, освещается развитие логического мышления и его роль в социальной и жизненной деятельности. Статья предлагает научно обоснованные рекомендации по методам и способам развития логического мышления для учащихся и студентов. Ключевые слова: мышление, язык, речь, логическое мышление, ощущение, восприятие, представление, мыслительная деятельность, понимание, гипотеза, мысль, рассуждение, идея, предположение, суждения. Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqola mantiqiy tafakkur tushunchasini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, uning mazmuni va mohiyatini tahlil etadi. Maqolada mantiqiy tafakkurning falsafiy, psixologik va pedagogik jihatlari, uning kundalik hayotdagi ahamiyati va ta’lim tizimidagi o‘rni keltirilgan. Shuningdek, mantiqiy tafakkurning rivojlanishi va uning ijtimoiy-hayotiy faoliyatdagi roli haqida ham so‘z yuritiladi. i. Maqola o‘quvchilarga va talabalar uchun mantiqiy tafakkurni rivojlantirish yo‘llari va metodikalariga oid ilmiy asoslangan tavsiyalarni taqdim etadi. Kalit so‘zlar: tafakkur, til, nutq, mantiqiy tafakkur, sezgi, idrok, tasavvur, fikrlash faoliyati, tushunish, faraz qilish, fikr, mulohaza, g‘oya, faraz, hukmlar. 170 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Thinking is the highest form of mental activity of a person, the process of reflecting objective reality in consciousness. Since ancient times, it has been continuously studied as one of the main objects within the scope of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological, and physiological research. Thinking is a tool for understanding the surrounding environment, social phenomena, and reality, and it is also considered a primary condition for carrying out human activities. It is a high-level cognitive process that reflects reality more fully and precisely compared to sensations, perceptions, and imaginations. Thinking is a specific function of the human brain. Its neurophysiological basis consists of the interaction between the first and second signaling systems. During the process of tafakkur, thoughts, reasoning, ideas, hypotheses, and so on arise, and they are expressed in the form of concepts, judgments, and conclusions in the person's consciousness. Thinking is closely related to language and speech. The activity of thinking is manifested in the form of speech. During the communication process, not only does the emotional scope of a person's reflection expand, but also the acquired experience is shared with others. A person distinguishes himself from other beings by using his thinking, speech, and conscious behavior to determine the truth or falsity of the things and events he has perceived, imagined, or understood. Through thinking, a person generalizes reality and directly (or indirectly) reflects it, understanding the most important connections, relationships, and characteristics between things and phenomena. Therefore, a person has the ability to predict the emergence, development, and consequences of social events and phenomena based on certain laws, patterns, and rules. Thinking is an object of study in many fields of science (philosophy, logic, sociology, pedagogy, physiology, cybernetics, biology). In psychology, thinking is classified into several types depending on the level of generalization of reality, the characteristics of problem-solving, the novelty of situations for the individual, and the level of activity of the person (sensory-motor, visual-figurative, practical, theoretical, voluntary, involuntary, abstract, creative, etc.). In social life, the educational process, and production, communication and relationships between people are also manifested through thinking. In a group, qualities of thinking such as critical reflection, self-criticism, evaluation, verification, self- checking, control, self-control, and group reasoning arise. The way a person perceives other individuals is also closely related to thinking. Creative work, discoveries, inventions, and suggestions are products of thinking. Psychology also examines the phylogenetic (related to the development of humanity) and 171 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference ontogenetic (related to the development of a person throughout their life) aspects of thinking. The complex issues of modern science demand a deeper study of the logical processes involved in thinking. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle, Democritus, Socrates, and Epicurus recognized thinking as the unity of the mind and perceptions, and were among the first to classify the laws and forms of thinking. Philosophers of the New Age, such as John Locke, Francis Bacon, C. Galvani, and David Hume, defined t