FRAGMENTATION IN AMERICAN AND UZBEK POSTMODERN LITERATURE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Аннотация

American literature started to show especially fragmentation around the middle of the 20th century. Works of writers like Ernest Hemingway and Thomas Pynchon mirror this quality. Writers with postmodern influences have produced works in Uzbek literature like Jamila and Hamid Olimjon. Keywords: fragmentation, postmodern literature, American literature, Uzbek literature, narrative structure, identity, cultural memory, Thomas Pynchon, Hamid Olimjon, nonlinear storytelling, intertextuality. ФРАГМЕНТАЦИЯ В АМЕРИКАНСКОЙ И УЗБЕКСКОЙ ПОСТМОДЕРНИСТСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ Аннотация. Американская литература начала демонстрировать особую фрагментацию примерно в середине 20-го века. Произведения таких писателей, как Эрнест Хемингуэй и Томас Пинчон, отражают это качество. Писатели с постмодернистским влиянием создали произведения в узбекской литературе, такие как Джамиля и Хамид Олимжон. Ключевые слова: фрагментация, постмодернистская литература, американская литература, узбекская литература, повествовательная структура, идентичность, культурная память, Томас Пинчон, Хамид Олимжон, нелинейное повествование, интертекстуальность. AMERIKA VA OʻZBEK POSTMODERN ADABIYOTIDA PARCHALANISH: QIYOSIY TAHLIL Annotatsiya. Amerika adabiyoti XX asr o'rtalarida ayniqsa parchalanishni ko'rsata boshladi. Ernest Xeminguey va Tomas Pynchon kabi yozuvchilarning asarlari bu sifatni aks ettiradi. Postmodern ta’sirga ega yozuvchilar o‘zbek adabiyotida Jamila, Hamid Olimjon kabi asarlar yaratdilar. Kalit so‘zlar: parchalanish, postmodern adabiyot, Amerika adabiyoti, O‘zbek adabiyoti, hikoya tuzilishi, o‘ziga xoslik, madaniy xotira, Tomas Pynchon, Hamid Olimjon, chiziqli bo‘lmagan hikoya, intertekstuallik. 514 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4 Introduction. Among the distinguishing traits of postmodern writing is fragmentation. It shows up as disturbed stories, jumbled storylines, several points of view, and nonlinear timeframes. Reflecting the complexity of human view, memory, and experience, this literary device questions conventional narrative frameworks and provides a fresh approach to interact with books. Although fragmentation is a topic of much research in American postmodern literature, its existence in Uzbek literature is a recently developing area of interest. This paper investigates the structural, thematic, and cultural ramifications of fragmentation as used in American and Uzbek literature. Main part. Particularly with the advent of postmodernism, fragmentation in American literature became very evident in the middle of the 20th century. Writers like David Foster Wallace, Don DeLillo, and Thomas Pynchon questioned accepted narrative by using broken stories. Emphasizing themes of uncertainty, alienation, and the collapse of meaning, this method captures the confusion and anarchy of modern life. For instance, Pynchon's 1973 severely fractured book Gravity's Rainbow combines metafictional elements, historical occurrences, and conspiracy theories. The absence of a defined story and the changing viewpoints provide an intense but usually confusing reading experience. Likewise, DeLillo's White Noise (1985) uses fragmentation to attack mass media, commercial society, and the deluge of knowledge in contemporary life. American postmodern writers often challenge ultimate truths, defy linear narrative, and mirror the fractured character of human cognition by techniques of fragmentation. The method fits more general philosophical worries about the boundaries of language and the flux of meaning. Research Methods and Materials. The method fits more general philosophical worries about the boundaries of language and the flux of meaning. Rich in classical poetry, folkloric tales, and epic storylines, Uzbek literature is But current Uzbek literature has started to investigate postmodern approaches like fragmentation in response to globalization and shifting literary paradigms. Though not as well researched as in American literature, fragmentation in Uzbek writing often results from changing cultural identities, historical memories, and modernizing concerns. Results and Discussions. To capture the complexity of Uzbek society, writers like Hamid Ismailov and Isajon S Fulton include fragmentation into their stories. The Dead Lake (2006) by Ismailov has a nonlinear framework combining past and present, realism and mythology. 515 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4 The fractured narrative reflects the protagonist's quest of identity and belonging in a society fast changing. In order to investigate personal and communal memory, S Fulton's works also use changes in viewpoint, stream-of- consciousness narrative, and intertextuality. The cultural setting is among the main contrasts between American and Uzbek literary fragmentation. While American postmodernism often welcomes anarchy and uncertainty, Uzbek literature employs fragmentation to balance modernism with legacy. To provide a complex literary e