SPECIFIC CHANGES IN THE THYMUS DUE TO GROUNDWATER CONSUMPTION AND A NEW TREATMENT METHOD

Аннотация

The functions and interactions of immune cells, the complex relationships between cellular FRC and fibrillar conduction networks, which together provide the basis for efficient communication between immune cells and tissues. The physical organization of the spleen allows it to filter pathogens and abnormal cells from the blood and to facilitate interactions between antigen-presenting cells and related lymphocytes. Keywords: compensator-adaptation, seasonal waters, underground and interstratal waters, active sulfhydryl. The indirect impact of groundwater with high chemical content is explained by the formation of radiolysis of water, which makes up 70-80% of the body, when water is ionized, radicals are formed that have oxidizing and alkaline properties. In addition, the formation of atomic hydrogen, hydroperoxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide is of great importance. Free oxidative radicals enter into an enzymatic reaction, as a result of which active sulfhydryl groups are converted into inactive disulfide compounds. These biochemical processes lead to a decrease in the catalytic activity of enzyme systems, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the amount of DNA and RNA in cell nuclei, which disrupts their renewal processes. [1,3]. The spleen mainly fights infection and also performs the following functions: •Hematopoiesis. During pregnancy, the fetal spleen produces all the form-forming elements of the blood. After birth, the spleen produces only lymphocytes. If a person has a severe form of blood disease (for example, myeloleukemia) or bone marrow damage, the hematopoietic properties of the spleen are completely restored. •Storage of red blood cells. This organ stores 8% of red blood cells. •Phagocytosis. The absorption of old or decomposed cells, as well as foreign microorganisms and protein antibodies by special cells (phagocytes) is called phagocytosis. • Immune reactions. After swallowing these antigen cells, the spleen increases production of blood-protective cells - lymphocytes. There may be several reasons for removing the spleen during examination: • Certain types of blood cancer. This may be a metastasis to the spleen of Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia or a tumor of any other organ. • Other blood diseases. These include thrombocytopenic purpura (decreased platelets) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (increased breakdown of red blood cells), and the spleen is removed when drug treatment does not help. • Hypersplenism. This condition is caused by excessive breakdown of platelets and other blood cells as a result of an overactive spleen. • Splenomegaly. In this case, the spleen becomes excessively large, causing pain, compression of the stomach, and specific complaints (such as a rapid feeling of satiety). To reduce such complaints and find out the causes, the spleen is removed. 120 • Severe injuries. In case of severe damage to the spleen and with large blood loss, when it is impossible to stop the bleeding, the spleen is removed. The spleen is a mysterious organ. Even the ancient Greeks and Romans removed runners' spleens to increase their running speed. The functions of the spleen have not yet been fully studied. For a long time, it was considered an endocrine gland (devoid of excretory ducts). Since there is no reliable data on the secretory activity of the spleen, this theory had to be abandoned, although recently it has received a second life to some extent. Now the spleen is credited with hormonal regulation of bone marrow function. According to [5], bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been identified, which are considered important regulators of immune function. Special BMSC markers were identified using flow cytometry, and successful induction of these cells into steatoblasts and osteoblasts was observed. Compared with the aging model, the spleen and thymus index were significantly increased, and the histological changes of the spleen and thymus tissues were improved. BMSCs significantly reduced the tissue damage of the aging spleen and thymus, and they could improve organ aging through the effects on cytokines, oxidative stress, and P21/PCNA. The spleen is the main filter for blood-borne pathogens and antigens, and a key organ for iron metabolism and red blood cell homeostasis [3]. However, in addition to these, it also performs immune and hematopoietic functions in mice, indicating an additional role for this secondary lymphoid organ. The spleen contains all major types of mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and monocytes [5]. These cells are key defenders of the body because they identify pathogens and cellular stress, remove dying cells and foreign materials, regulate tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses, and generate adaptive immunity [2]. Research has shown that the immune system performs more than just controlling pathogens. Even without infection, the immune system