CHANGES IN DENTAL HARD TISSUES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ENERGY DRINKS IN MILITARY PERSONNEL AND IMPROVEMENT OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Аннотация

Energy drinks are used to increase physical endurance and alertness, improve reaction time, improve concentration, and stimulate metabolism during sports, driving, and other outdoor activities. The most commonly consumed energy drinks contain large amounts of "carbohydrates" such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, and synthetic maltodextrins. On the other hand, energy drinks contain "caffeine, plant extracts of guarana, ginseng, and ginkgo biloba, B vitamins, amino acids such as taurine, amino acid derivatives such as carnitine, and sugar derivatives." Keywords. Caffeine, psychostimulant, taurine, etiopathogenetic views, platelet aggregation, tachycardia. The composition of energy drinks is dangerous for dental health. Acids present in drinks create an environment that promotes the destruction of tooth enamel. It is important to understand that even with rare consumption of drinks, the negative impact on teeth can be significant[1,4]. According to various studies, the high acidity levels in energy drinks can cause a rapid decrease in the pH level in the mouth. When the pH level drops below 5.5, the process of demineralization of tooth enamel begins, making it vulnerable to caries. The sugar content is also a major problem, as it promotes plaque formation and the proliferation of bacteria that feed on sugar and secrete acid. Experts recommend limiting the consumption of energy drinks or taking measures to reduce their negative impact. But not everyone is aware of how to properly care for their teeth after drinking such drinks. Acids in energy drinks (citric, phosphoric, etc.) lead to the gradual destruction of the protective layer of teeth. With regular consumption of drinks, the enamel becomes thinner, the teeth become more sensitive to temperature changes and irritants. If you brush your teeth immediately after drinking the drink, this can increase the damage to the enamel, since at the moment of weakening of the enamel, the effect of the toothbrush becomes even more aggressive [2,5]. Sugar in energy drinks also plays an important role. It is “food” for bacteria, which, when processing sugar, release acids. These acids further destroy enamel, which contributes to the development of caries. In addition, according to dental studies, energy drinks significantly increase the risk of caries, especially in people with reduced salivation or other oral features [2,5]. To reduce the risks, dentists recommend rinsing your mouth with water or using special products to neutralize acidity after drinking energy drinks. When tooth enamel is damaged, the mouth becomes more susceptible to bacteria due to the lack of protection provided by the enamel. If bacteria gets into the teeth, it can lead to serious dental problems. Without enamel protection, teeth can become sensitive. This can cause pain and discomfort when eating certain foods. Inflammation of the roots of the teeth and bleeding gums can occur. Since caffeine destroys tooth enamel, teeth can be subject to 125 decay and decay. The consequences of decay can be very serious, since the enamel does not recover after damage. The type of acid and the ingredients included in the composition also affect the erosive potential of energy drinks. Citric acid, also known as acidifier 330 in the International Food Additive Numbering System [3], is widely used in soft drinks. Due to its chelating ability, which is responsible for the removal of calcium from saliva and teeth, this acid is one of the most powerful. The citrate anion has the ability to chelate calcium. The chelating effect is supplemented by the erosive potential of the released proton ions. According to numerous studies, drinks containing citric acid with a low pH have the greatest erosive capacity[3,6]. It has been found that drinks containing citric acid have a higher erosive potential than drinks containing maleic acid. Surface degradation can also be adversely affected by the acidic nature of energy drinks. Subsurface ions such as Ca, Al and silicon will be lost. Surface degradation may begin. This may result in decreased wear resistance and surface roughness. Surface roughness due to wear and chemical degradation may also affect the "gloss" and consequently increase external staining. One study reported that resin materials are susceptible to surface roughness degradation after immersion in sports drinks. The pH of energy drinks may cause erosion of composite resins under acidic conditions. Acids contained in these drinks may penetrate the resin matrix and release unreacted monomers into the environment. This may result in decreased surface hardness values of composite resins[2,5]. Problems caused by energy drinks often begin with increased tooth sensitivity. When enamel is damaged, it stops performing its protective function, which leads to discomfort when eating hot, cold, sour and sweet foods. Gradually, the situation can worsen, and patients begin to suffer from chronic pain associated with enamel erosion. Car