Peculiarities of humus formation of mining - brown carbonate soils of west tyanshan

Аннотация

The main problems of ecology and fertility of soils in the aspect peculiarities of the nature of the mountain brown-carbonate soils of the Western Tien Shan. An analysis of own and available in the literature data of comprehensive studies that allow to determine the causes of erosion and loss of soil fertility, depending on the relief and exposure of the slope. The results of an assessment of the humus state of eroded soils formed in mountain conditions are considered. Introduction: A feature of mountain brown soils is the carbonate content of the mineral part. The degree of carbonation and the depth of occurrence of carbonates depend on the stage of development of soils. In carbonate soils, they are noted from the surface, in typical and leached beds, their occurrence is determined by the depth and intensity of soaking of soils by atmospheric precipitation. The criterion for separating the subtypes was the thickness of the part of the profile leached from the carbonates. This is reflected by the elevation of the soil, i.e. a difference of general climatic character, and particular features - the effect of exposure and moisture Brown carbonate soils are common in the initial and middle belt of brown soils, they gradually change into brown typical soils. Objects and methods of research The objects of our study were the main types of soils of the foothill and mountain provinces, common in various natural areas. In order to study the humus state of soils, depending on the relief and exposure of the slopes, soil sections were plotted on various relief elements, including agrocenoses on 179 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) different types of soils, taking into account the various conditions for their formation. The selected samples were analyzed after laboratory treatment. In order to study the reserves of humus, the bulk density of the soil and the granulometric composition were determined by the method Kaczynski. The reserves of humus were calculated by the formula: x = d h a, where d is the volumetric weight, g / cm3, h is the height of the soil layer cm, a is the percentage of humus, and x is the humus content in tons / ha. Humus was determined by the method of IV Tyurin in modification of NP Belchikova (1981), total nitrogen - according to Kjeldahl (GOST-26107-84). Research results Humus of soil is the most complex organic compound in its composition, its origin, its formation with its long-term, extremely complex biochemical processes. At the same time, the soil is a product that is significantly different from the mother's mother and its chemical composition. Humus is a source of energy and nutrient elements of the soil and is the main genetic and morphological character. Under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, very little attention has been paid to the formation of organic matter, the increase in the amount of humus and the rate of change. Of particular importance is the study of the humus condition of mountain soil. Because the country has a unique relief, climate, flora and fauna. Its water-air layout differs from plain land, the impact on the soil is small and the influence of the anthropogenic factor on the management of regulated processes, especially for certain purposes. Group and fractional composition of humus of mountain-brown carbonate soils. As can be seen from the table, the levels of carbon dioxide in the upper layers of brown carbonate soils (0-8, 8-16, 16-27 cm) have the highest total carbon dioxide content, while in low solids it decreases to 0.55% ). According to the group composition of soil humus, humic acid is a significant fraction of fulvic acid (ratio SGK: SFC-1.18). In the remaining layers the fulvic acid predominates over humic acid (the ratio of SGK: SFK- 0.62-0.70), which is lower than the content of humic acid. The hydrolysed amount of humic substances (soluble residue) is 8-16 cm in the soil layer, and the highest is 1.06% (or 51.6%). In the turf (0-8 cm) and in the lower layers (16-27, 27-75, 75-120 cm) a relatively small (43.7-45.8%) is observed. The same law is observed in other types of soil sections of this type. It can be concluded that the amount of fulvic acid increases in the lower horizons of the soil. Therefore, the amount of degradation material (humus) decreases. As a result of the analysis of the fractional composition of mountain carbonate soils, it is part of humic acid, which is bound to a maximum of 2 fractions, that is, with calcium. The content of this fraction increases 180 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) horizontally from top to bottom. The reason for this phenomenon is associated with high levels of CaCO3. As a result of the analysis of the fractional composition of mountain carbonate soils, it is part of humic acid, which is bound to a maximum of 2 fractions, that is, with calcium. The content of this fraction increases horizontally from top to bottom. The reason for this phe