TYPES OF ENGLISH PHRASAL VERBS ACCORDING TO THE STRUCTURE

Аннотация

Phrasal verbs are a really important part of the English language, especially for spoken English. They are part of a large group of verbs called "multi-word verbs". These verbs and other multi-word verbs are an important part of the English language. Multi-word verbs, including phrasal verbs, are very common, especially in spoken English. A multi-word verb is a verb like "pick up", "turn on" or "get on with". For convenience, many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. These verbs consist of a basic verb + another word or words. The other word can be prepositions or adverbs. The two or three words that make up multi-word verbs form a short "phrase" - which is why these verbs are often all called "phrasal verbs"[1]. The important thing to remember is that a multi-word verb is still a verb. "Get" is a verb. "Get up", is also a verb, a different verb. "Get" and "get up" are two different verbs. They do not have the same meaning. Keywords: phrasal verbs, Multi-word verbs, prepositional verbs, single- word verb. So we should treat each multi-word verb as a separate verb, and learn it like any other verb. Look at these examples. You can see that there are three types of multi-word verb: 1) Single-word verb “look” direct your eyes in a certain direction: You must look before you leap. 2) Multi-word verbs prepositional verbs - look after, take care of: Who is looking after the baby? 3) Phrasal verbs - look up, search for and find information in a reference book: You can look up my number in the telephone directory. 4) Phrasal- prepositional verbs - look forward to, anticipate with pleasure: I look forward to meeting you. Traditionally, phrasal verbs have been divided into three types. It should be immediately noted that there are a lot of names used in traditional texts to refer to these types often create confusion rather than clarity: Type 1: Prepositional verbs (ex. to believe in, to look after smth. or smb., to talk about smth. or smb., to wait for smth. or smb.) also called non-separable or transitive phrasal verbs. Constituted by basic verb + preposition. Type 2: Adverbial verbs (ex. get up, break (smth. or smb.) down (*), put (smth. or smb.) off (*), turn (smth. or smb.) down (*)) also called phrasal verbs, or 136 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) separable phrasal verbs. Constituted by basic verb + adverb. Type 2: a) is transitive, takes direct object (write smth. down); type 2: b) is intransitive, no direct object (work out). Type3: Adverbial-prepositional verbs (ex. get on with, put up with, look forward to, run out of ) also called phrasal- prepositional verbs, or three-word verbs, sometimes grouped with type 1 as non-separable. Consituted by basic verb + preposition + adverb. Phrasal-prepositional verbs are a small group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words. Many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. Here it is a distinction between three types of multi- word verbs: prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Phrasal-prepositional verbs are made of: Verb + adverb + preposition. Let’s look at these examples of phrasal-prepositional verbs: Phrasal- Meaning Examples Direct object prepositional verbs get on with have a friendly He doesn't get on his wife. relationship with with put up with tolerate I won't put up your attitude. with look forward to anticipate with I look forward to seeing you. pleasure Because phrasal-prepositional verbs end with a preposition, there is always a direct object. And, like prepositional verbs, phrasal-prepositional verbs cannot be separated. Let’s look at these examples: phrasal- prepositional verbs are inseparable: We ran out of fuel. We ran out of it. Additional characteristics of type 1: a) commonly used prepositions: in, after, about, for b) never occur without object (e.g. "to talk about someone/something", etc.) c) the direct object always follows the preposition. Additional characteristics of type 2: a) commonly used adverbs: up, down, off, on b) when the object of the verb is present (type 2a), it is placed either between the basic verb and the adverb or after the entire phrasal verb (turn the light on, turn on the light). Additional characteristics of type 3: a) basic verb + adverb + preposition (out of, up for) b) always take a direct object c) cannot be separated by the object. It thus becomes necessary for clarity's sake to list all the criteria concerning phrasal verbs which can function as a basis of comparison and which can lead us to a practical scheme of classification: 1) adverb vs. preposition as particle 2) necessity of explicit direct object and rules for placement (transitivity) 3) ability to be "separated" by the object 137 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) ("separability") 4) typical-atypical behavior of "particle" (semantic normalcy of preposition or adverb). It therefore appears that a more logical classification