METHODS OF LEARNING AND STUDYING ECONOMIC SCIENCES

Аннотация

Economic theory is inextricably linked with other economic sciences. First, it enriches them with new conclusions by summarizing their achievements. Second, it facilitates their development by arming them with conclusions about general economic theory. Economic theory basically performs three functions: a) understanding of the laws of economics, economic education, economic literacy; b) to serve as a basis for other economic disciplines, to be their theoretical basis; c) to provide practical recommendations on economic policy, to provide a theoretical basis for policy development. Keywords: economic theory, methods of teaching economic studies. economic policy, economic literacy. We have tried to theoretically analyze terms such as "economic theory" and "economic theory" that we encounter in practice from the point of view of our scientists: The science of economic theory was founded in Europe in the XVII century, which is associated with the development of market relations, and the desire to know its laws and rules gave rise to the "Economic Theory". Although it originated in the West, the economic ideas that fed it were initially formed in the East, particularly in Central Asia. It is enough to remember the works of Abu Ali ibn Sino, Abu Nasr Farobi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Alisher Navoi, Amir Temur, Mirzo Ulugbek. Economic theory originally came to be known as “Political Economy”. This concept was first introduced by A. Moncreten (France) used it in his Treatise on Political Economy (1615). A. Monkreten and T. Man (England) founded the current of mercantilism in economic theory. After them came the school of physiocrats (XVIII-a.). Its greatest representative is the author of the book "Economic Tables" (1758) F. It is a tick (France). The current in which economic theory has taken the most influential place in history is the classical political economy, whose representatives are A.S. Smith and D. Ricardo (England) (see Classical Schools of Political Economy). This school was a well-known and prestigious 114 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) school in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. From the second half of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, the school of marginalism occupied a central place in the theory of economics. The main representatives of this are K. Menger, F. Vizer, e. Byom- Baverk (Austria), U. Jevons is. At the end of the XIX century and during the XX century in the theory of economics there were 3 directions: The first is the neoclassical direction, which itself is monetarism [A. Marshall (England), M. Friedman (USA)] and neoliberalism - [L. Mizes (Austria), F. Hayek (England) and L. Erhard (Germany)]. The second is the Keynesian direction, the major representatives of which are J. M. Keynes (England), J .; Robinson (England), A. Hansen and P. Samuelson (USA). The third is the institutional social orientation, the prominent representatives of which are T. Veblen, J. Komons, U. Mitchell, J. Gelbright (USA). By the beginning of the 21st century, the school of monetarism has become a priority, as its recommendations have found their practical expression in economic policy in many countries. It can be seen that in many scientific studies our scientists have considered the terms economic theory and economic theory as synonymous terms. Could there be a difference between these terms? the question arises, to substantiate this, first of all, we pay attention to the meaning of the words "economy" and "economy" in Uzbek (Encyclopedia "Uzbekistan"), as well as in the CIS countries, ie in the Russian Federation, "Economic Theory", "Economic Theory", "Economics". Given the existence of concepts such as "economy", the views of scholars on these terms have been studied, and in these cases, too, there are opinions that economic terms such as "economic theory" and "economic theory" have the same meaning and are used synonymously. In order to distinguish between these expressions, we have tried to find the lexical meaning of the word "economy": , on the other hand, we have come to the conclusion that Economic Theory studies the interrelationships and austerities between people in production processes, but we must recognize that this idea is only the product of our abstract ideas and hypotheses. One of the methods used in the study of economic knowledge is the definition of concepts and laws based on abstraction, which are introduced into scientific circulation. When abstraction occurs, the basic, stable, ever- emerging facts of economics are distinguished, and the connection between them is determined. All this is done through contemplation. Without abstraction, it is impossible to draw theoretical conclusions by being entangled in too many, disordered facts. Abstraction is the creation of a theoretical model of economics. 115 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) When the inductive method is used in theory, the tr