NEGATIVE IMPACT OF WATER-CONTAINING NANONS ON THE RESERVOIR

Аннотация

This article examines the issue of preventing the inflow of silt deposits into the Tudakul reservoir through the Amu-Bukhara machine canal and improving the operating mode oftheUchlik water distribution facility, and provides scientifically based recommendations. Keywords:channel, settlingtank, canal water discharge, silt,flow velocity. In order to obtain a stable harvest in agriculture in the Bukhara region, the Khamza and Kuyumozor pumping stations were built on the Amu-Bukhara Canal, and the possibility of raising water to a height of 67 m was created. The total length of the canal was 196 km, and 90 thousand hectares of land were irrigated. In 1966, the canal was named the Amu-Bukhara MachineCanal (ABMC). [1,2.]. Methods of combating silting of irrigation canals. The modern concept of combating channel turbidity with suspended sediments provides for the construction of channels with parameters that ensure the corresponding carrying capacity of the flow, and excess sediments should be retained in settling tanks. This rule has no more rational alternative implementation if there are reliable and accurate methods for calculating the carrying capacity of the water flow. However, until now, such methods did not exist, therefore it was impossible to fully implement the modern concept of combating channel silting. Indeed, the imperfection of methods for determining the carrying capacity of flows in canals is directly reflected in the calculation of the design parameters ofsettling tanks, taking into account data oncarrying capacity. [2, 4,]. Whenstudying the clarification of flowin settlingcanals builtfor water intakeand transportation from rivers, we use the data provided by Kh.Sh.Shapirov. According to these data, during the settling of the flow, 99.4% of fractions d>0.10 mm, 92.6% of fractions d=0.10-0.05 mm, and 60.9% of fractions ρ=0.05-0.01 mm precipitate in the settling tanks. Fractions with d<0.01 mm donotprecipitate, onthecontrary, anincreaseintheir content in theflowis observed. H.Sh.Shapiro explains this unexpected result of his measurements by the washing away of fine particles from the bottom sediments formed during the reformation of the channel bed constructed according to the project. As a result of the unimpeded passage of fine-grained fractions through a settling channel with a length of 3 km, these fractions settle to the bottom of the main canal, which reduces the carrying capacity of suspended flow at the water distribution pointsfor irrigation (in thedischarge and distribution channels of theirrigation network). [1,3,]. Analysis of scientific literature, modern theoretical approaches, and methods of combating silting allows us todraw thefollowing conclusions: 1. The problem of preventing the introduction of bottom sediments into the irrigation network is currently being solved using mechanical means, the operation of which is based on scientific and technical developments. 2. The design parameters of modern settling tanks, in particular their longitudinal dimensions, do not provide the necessary conditions for the settling of fine-grained fractions that do not settle in page1881 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai the settling tank, which are transported in practically full volume along the canals and accumulate at irrigation water intake pointsdueto theloss oftransport capacity oftheflow. 3. Modern designs of dam water intake structures (gallery water intake structures for retaining sediments, flow guiding systems, etc.) do not fundamentally solve the problem of sedimentation of suspended sediments in connection with the prevention of sedimentation of fine-grained sediments. 4. The main task of studying the processes of sedimentation and erosion of riverbeds at the present time is the development of new methods for calculating the carrying capacity of water flowin riverbeds and canals based onthe theory. The success ofsolving thisproblem depends on the efficiency of calculating settling tanks, the choice of design parameters of the channels, and thetechnology ofoperation ofthecleaning equipment. 6. The design parameters of canals change over time as a result of the transformation of their channels under the influence of suspended flow, striving to form a channel corresponding to the minimum dissipation of the average movement energy. Changes in the design parameters of the channels lead toachange inthecarrying capacity oftheflows in thechannels. The obtained conclusions indicate the imperfection of the modern concept of combating silting. In the practical plan, only one issue has been resolved - the protection of irrigation systems from silting by bottomsediments. [4,6,8,]. In this regard, the concept of combating silting was considered based on the development of new methods for calculating the carrying capacity of water flow