PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION OF NEOLOGISMS FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

Аннотация

The article deals with the ways of appearing neologisms in a language and their translation into Russian. It is stated about the problems concerning the translation of neologisms andsuggested somesolutions. Key words:translation, interpret, neologism, neology, lexical unit, authorial neologisms, descriptivetranslation, conversion. I.Introduction. In modern society, translation has become active due to the diversity of contacts between countries. In translation, language, as the main means of human communication, as well as the art oftranslation, isof great importance. As Ya.I. Retsker notes, “…translation is the process of interpreting the meaning of a text and, consequently, producing an equivalent text that conveys the same message in another language.” He emphasizes that “what is beautiful in one language may be very unattractive in another, and even meaningless. And the translator's task is to select phrases that do not change the meaning and significance of the word." From the point of view of the scientist: "translation consists of transmitting the closest equivalent of the meaning with respect for the meaning and with respect forthestyle". This isespecially related tothe problems oftranslating neologisms. Constant political, economic, social, scientific and technical changes cause theemergence of newconcepts, andwith them new words, neologisms. A neologism is a new word or phrase that has come into common use or a new meaning that has been given to an established word. Once the word is no longer novel, it is formally accepted as part of thevernacular language and appears indictionaries. New words enter a language in a variety of ways, including borrowing from other languages, combinations of existing words, and changes of these words. In addition to new words, neologisms includenew phrases consistingof two ormorewords. The science that studies neologisms, neology, emerged in the late 1960s. One of the main prerequisites of its appearance was the scientific and technical process, which caused the creation of many new objects and concepts. The peculiarity of the Russian language of high technology is that most of its vocabulary was borrowed from the English language. This is explained by thefact that English and American scientistshave played oneof theleading roles in thedevelopment of most of the latest scientific directions. It was in English, the language of both international communication and science, that the most important scientific research was conducted and the main terms were laid down. The intensive borrowing of English-language scientific terms began in the mid-1980s and continues to this day. For a translator, this process is interesting because there are several ways of translating neologisms, each of which has its pros andcons. II. Methods. Neologisms as lexical neologisms, introducing new meanings and senses into the language, being of different types and differing in their “life cycle”, when functioning in the page1846 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai language, differ significantly in the breadth of their distribution, frequency and duration of use, the degree of fixation in dictionaries, - testify to the evolution of the language and the development of society. In this regard, the translation of neologisms today remains one of the significant problems of translation in different languages ​ ​ of the world, in particular, in English, since problems arise at two stages of decoding information (determining the meaning of aneologism)and encoding (searching for alexical unitwith thecorresponding meaning). The difficulty of decoding is that neologisms often do not have time to be recorded in dictionaries, so users have no opportunity to look up their translation or meaning. In such cases, the translator looks for other texts, where the neologism was used, to determine its meaning from thecontext. If theneologism was not used often enough, then its meaning will also beunlikely to be understood from the context. In such case, the translator has to use knowledge from different fields of science, such as etymology, cultural studies, linguistics, etc., in order to identify the meaning of this new lexical unit as accurately as possible. Particular difficulties arise when translating narrowly focused or authorial neologisms. Consequently, in translation activities, a translator must be prepared for word creation – a complex process of producing a new meaning of a word or introducing a new word into the lexicon of the target language. The translator has to refer to various techniques and translation transformations for the most accurate transfer of the meaning. We will consider the most frequently usedofthem, developed over many years oftranslation practice. When translating neologisms in English texts, special attention should be pa