TYPOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF TOPONYMIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

Аннотация

Toponymic phraseological units (TPUs) are fixed expressions or combinations of words that incorporate geographical names (toponyms) and convey meanings that go beyond the literal interpretation of the words. These units are integral to understanding how place names influence language, culture, and communication. This paper explores the typology and classification of toponymic phraseological units, categorizing them based on structure, semantic function, cultural and historical context, communicative purpose, and linguistic features. Simple and complex TPUs are discussed, along with idioms, metaphors, euphemisms, proverbs, and stereotypes, emphasizing their role in both everyday language and specialized discourse. The classification highlights how geographical names serve not only as references to places but also as carriers of rich, contextual meanings that reflect societal values, historical events, and cultural perceptions. Keywords:Toponymic Phraseological Units, Idioms, Metaphors, Cultural Context, Historical Context, Language and Place Names, Euphemisms, Proverbs, Stereotypes, Geographical Names, LinguisticTypology.