FIELD THEORY IN WORLD LINGUISTICS

Аннотация

The object of study in the field of lexical-semantic fields and their structural composition is to examine the semantics of words and related concepts in English and Uzbek. Based on this, comparing the lexical-semantic fields of both languages, general characteristics commonto both are generalized, and phenomena specific to each language are highlighted. Keywords: lexical, semantic, field, theory, linguistics, lingvokulturology. The problem of the semantic field is recognized as one of the main objects of comparative typology research. According to modern philologists, a lexical-semantic field refers to a set of lexemes from various word classes that express different meanings while sharing a common overall meaning. Among the specific features of this field are synchronic features, such as synonymic relationships and the presence of hyponyms and hypernyms, as well as genetic- diachronic features, such as the repetition of motivational models and word-formation methods intheformation ofetymological layers. In modern linguistics, the concept of the "field" is developing as a way to show the relationship between general and specific meanings of words, based on human experience. From this point of view, in cognitivelinguistics, languageis seen as a cognitive(understanding) function ofhumans. In other words, language plays an essential role in receiving, processing, and transmitting information. A systematic conceptual analysis of language leads to a new interpretation of lexical meanings, bringing together words with a common and universal meaning within a certain conceptual scope. The structure of the concept is described in the same terms as the lexical-semantic field. These features include: 1. Core: This is the central layer that shapes cognitive features, including several cognitive segments. 2. Periphery: The explanatory (synonymous) field of the concept, where additional information related to theconcept isplaced. The term "semantic field" is used in linguistics to refer to a set of linguistic units. These units consist of various inseparable elements that are united by common aspects. According to the Russian scholar V.A. Litvinov, initially, these lexical units were only words, but later they began toinclude word combinations and phrases. Thus, the semantic field, lexical-semantic relations, and conceptual analysis are important concepts in linguistics. They help better understand the structural and functional aspects of language. page1714 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai In his book Modern Linguistic Semantics, L.M. Vasilev defines the main characteristics of the semanticfield as follows: 1. Thesemantic fieldis understood bylanguage speakers as a psychological reality. 2. Thesemantic fieldfunctions as an independent linguisticsystem. 3. Theunitsof thesemantic fieldinteract with subfields through semantic relations. 4. Each semantic field contributes to the formation of the overall language system in relation to othersemanticfields. 5. The semantic field consists of a nucleus, represented by hypersemas, and a periphery, formed bycommon words. Initial attempts to integrate the concept of the semantic field into scientific research were made by P. Roger through the creation of ideographic dictionaries and thesauri. This process helped develop the term "semantic field", which became more actively used after the publication of the works by Y. Trier and G. Ipsen. The concept ofthe semantic field was first described by the German scholar Y. Trier in 1931. He explained that this field is structured according to an hierarchical principle, representing a reality that reflects the relationships between concepts, objects, and events. After Leibniz, the quest for auniversal dictionary enabled theempirical study ofthe semanticfield for thefirst time. In 1910, R. Meyer discussed the typology of the semantic field in his article, referring to it as a "system of meanings". R. Meyer classified the elements of this system into three types based on their nature: "natural", "semi-artificial", and "artificial". This classification helps clarify the structural features of thesemanticfield and lays the groundwork for itsanalytical study. These initial attempts led to a deeper understanding of the concept of the semantic field and the emergence of new directions and research methods in linguistics. Understanding and studying semantic fields helps to identify the internal structure of language and its relationship to human cognition. Thisterm was also used byG. Ipsenin thesense ofa"set ofwords with acommon meaning". LITERTURE: 1. Axmedova Mehrinigor Bahodirovna. “Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda semantik maydon tushunchasi vauning o’rganilishi”Ta’limva innovatsiontadqiqotlar (2023 йил№10).24b. 2. Aдмони. В.Г. Грамматический строй как система построения и общая теория гра