MODELS OF ECONOMIC PROCESSES: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND JUSTIFICATIONS

Аннотация

Zamonaviy iqtisod va moliya fanlari modellashtirish usullaridan vosita sifatida faol foydalanadi, uning yordamida inson davom etayotgan jarayonlarni vizual tarzda tasavvur qiladi, voqealarning keyingi rivojlanishini bashorat qiladi va kerak bo‘lganda inqirozli vaziyatlarning oldini olish uchun dastlabki parametrlarga tuzatishlar kiritadi. Iqtisodiy jarayonlarni modellashtirish parametrlari va usullari javob berishi kerak bo‘lgan talablar ko‘rib chiqiladi va asoslanadi. Kalit so‘zlar:model, iqtisodiy jarayon, boshqaruv parametrlari, boshqariladigan parametrlar, modellashtirishtamoyillari, modellashtirishusullari. Aннотация:Современные экономические и финансовые науки активно используют методы моделирования как инструмент, с помощью которого человек может наглядно представить происходящие процессы, спрогнозировать дальнейшее развитие событий и при необходимости внести коррективы в исходные параметры для предотвращения кризисных ситуаций. Рассмотрены и обоснованы требования, которым должны соответствоватьпараметры иметоды моделированияэкономических процессов. Ключевые слова:модель, экономический процесс, параметры управления, контролируемые параметры,принципымоделирования,методымоделирования. Mainpart Simulation is a powerful tool for studying economics. It allows you to visualize ongoing processes, predict further developments, and, if necessary, make adjustments to the initial parameters to prevent crisis situations. However, an analysis of the scientific and educational literature shows that to date there have been no attempts to systematically generalize the requirements that economic models must meet. Some aspects of this issue were touched upon in the work of Ya. Tinbergen [6]. He noted the observability, predictive power, and completeness page1511 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai of economic models, but criticized the overly simplified approach of D.M. Keynes and V.V. Leontiev, later Nobel laureates. Next, a generalization of the requirements for models is made and their significance for considering economic processes is assessed. Thedevelopment of any model isbased on aset of specific rules and requirements that its parameters must satisfy. In this regard, it is interesting to consider their generality and develop principles that should serve as a basis for building a model. For example, examples from specific economies are given. However, at the same time, it is hoped that the recommendations given may also beinteresting and useful in otherareas ofscientificactivity. If we refer to the definition of the term “model” given in various sources [3,4,5], it is as follows: a model is a simplified representation of a certain material object or phenomenon, preserving its essential properties. In other words, a model is an object or phenomenon that sufficiently reproduces the properties of the modeled object that are important for specific modeling purposes and omits non-essential properties that may differ from the object. Any model consists of what can be called, in a very general form, parameters and a method of its implementation. In addition, parameters can be controlled and manipulated. Control parameters are the initial data that is set to correct the operating conditions of the model. As a result of the operation of the model, thecontrolled parameters have certain values, with which both the model itself and the object or phenomenon being studied with its help are evaluated. Thus, the controlled parameters represent theresponse of themodel tothe control action (Figure 1). Figure 1.Model structure and its components For example, PT in a two-factor model that relates P sales volume, H number of employees, and their labor productivity, the control parameters H and PT are the P control parameters. In this case, thealgebraicexpression of themethod forimplementing themodel is: P = HHPT (1) Analysisandresults Now let's consider the requirements that the components of the model must satisfy. The main requirement that any model must satisfy is the correspondence of the parameters considered in the model to the process under study. This also applies to the control and management parameters. The adequacy of the control parameters is that they must correspond to page1512 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai the factors that determine the behavior of the real process and can be changed in one way or another. As for the control parameters, it should be noted that they should correspond to the characteristics of the model, which the observer can control. In this case, the control parameters should allow for simple and natural interpretation and should be observable. For example, consider the m