ORGANIZATION OF COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING OF SELECTED PROMISING POTATO VARIETIES

Аннотация

This article outlines the results of an experiment comparing the newly developed potato variety “Tashkent Ertagisi” with the standard variety “Sante” in an early-stage trial. According to the experimental findings, the phenological observations of the “Tashkent Ertagisi” and standard “Sante” varieties grown in the selection nursery were as follows. In the standard variety, it took 28 days for 75% of the seedlings to emerge, 34 days for tuber formation, and 52 days for flowering. In contrast, the new “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety required only 22 days for 75% seedling germination, 28 days for tuber formation, and 38 days for flowering. Experimental results confirmed that the growth phases of the new “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety developed 18-20 days earlier than those of the standard variety. Keywords: Potato, early-maturing, early planting period, growth period, seedling germination, tuber formation, flowering, stem height, number of stems, flower, yield. Introduction. Potatoes are one of the most important, widely cultivated, and strategically significant food, fodder, and industrial crops in global agriculture. Currently, potatoes are grown in over 150 countries worldwide, covering 23.1 million hectares and yielding a total production of 438.9 million tons. The average potato yield globally is about 18-19 tons per hectare. In recent years, potato cultivation areas have expanded by 4-5 million hectares, and total production has increased by 70-80 million tons. In major potato-producing countries, one of the most pressing challenges is developing new, adaptable, and promising varieties, as well as rapidly multiplying high-quality seed materials to enhance production volume and crop yield. In our country's potato industry, extensive efforts are being made to develop new, competitive varieties for the global market, as well as to rapidly propagate them and establish an effective seed production system. 165 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference The purpose of the research. Based on a comprehensive study of the global potato gene pool, the goal is to develop and introduce into production an early-maturing variety adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of our country, with high marketability and yield characteristics. The object of the researsh. Fifteen lines imported from the International Potato Center (CIP), along with five local and five foreign variety samples, serve as the study objects. The subject of the research is the morphobiological characteristics and complex valuable economic traits of potato collection samples, including high yield potential, early maturity, the number of tubers per plant stem, and the identification of economically significant traits. Research methods. The experiments were carried out based on the methodologies and recommendations of the All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming, the Research Institute of Vegetable crops, Melons, and Potato Crops, and the State Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Testing New Varieties of Agricultural Crops. The statistical analysis of the field experiment results was performed using the B.A. Dospekhov method with the help of Microsoft Excel software. Experiment results and their discussion. The competitive variety testing of potatoes is a research process conducted to determine the yield potential of potato varieties, their adaptation to growing conditions, and their resistance to diseases and pests. Competitive variety testing is carried out to test the yield characteristics, stability, and environmental compatibility of new potato varieties in the production of new varieties. In this case, several potato varieties are tested in an alternative manner (according to germination, flowering, stem height, and yield indicators). These tests are important for potato farmers, as they help to select the most productive, high-yielding, and disease- and pest-resistant varieties. Competitive variety testing also plays an important role in the development of new potato varieties. When potato lines from the International Potato Center (CIP) were planted in a variety selection nursery, the early-ripening, smooth-skinned, compact, high-yielding (L-60) line was selected from the variety samples. In the conducted experiments, the valuable economic traits of this L-60 line were studied. During this period, regular individual selection work was carried out. It was found that the germination of the seedlings, flowering, and budding in 166 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference this isolated line were 20-25 days earlier than the standard “Sante” variety. In the experiments, it was found that the height of plants at the base of this line was 10-12% higher than the standard variety, the number of stems, stem weight, and number of leaves were 13-14% higher relative to the standard, the leaf area was 10-12% higher, the weight of the shoots was 6-7% higher, and the yield wa