RESULTS OF A COMPARATIVE TESTING OF THE NEWLY DEVELOPED POTATO VARIETY “TASHKENT ERTAGISI” PLANTED IN THE VARIETY TESTING NURSERY IN AN EARLY PERIOD

Аннотация

This article presents the results of comparative testing of the newly developed potato variety “Tashkent Ertagisi” against the standard “Sante” variety in the variety testing nursery during the early planting period. According to the research results, the newly developed potato variety “Tashkent Ertagisi” manifested a 2-5 day earlier germination and flowering compared to the standard “Sante” variety, while in the number of stem and height of stem 10,9-15,6 % increase was noted, as well as a 18,2 % higher yield was observed. Key words: variety testing nursery, variety, “Tashkent Ertagisi”, “Sante”, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, budding, flowering, stem height, number of stems, leaf surface, yield, profitability, economic efficiency. Introduction. Potatoes are cultivated from the Arctic region to Transcaucasia, primarily in the Baltic republics, the Central Black Earth zone, the Volga region, Bashkortostan, the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East, as well as in the Central Asian republics. Potatoes have been cultivated in Uzbekistan for 150 years. In the world's leading potato-producing countries, one of the most pressing issues is the development of new adaptable and promising varieties, along with accelerated seed multiplication methods, to increase production volume and crop yield. In the potato industry of our republic, extensive efforts are being carried out to develop new competitive varieties for the global market, as well as to accelerate their multiplication and establish seed production systems. Potatoes are primarily propagated through tubers, making them the crop with the highest seed consumption per unit area (3.0–4.0 t/ha) [5;6;7;8;9;10]. RESEARCH CONDITIONS AND METHODOLOGY The research was conducted in the experimental fields of the Tashkent Scientific-Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Vegetables, Melons, and Potato Crops during the years 2020-2021. Field and production experiments, including planting, crop care, harvesting, calculation, and analysis, were carried out following generally accepted methodologies and the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture and 120 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК Water Resources, the All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry, the All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming, the Research Institute of Vegetables, Melons, and Potato Crops, and the State Commission for Testing New Varieties of Agricultural Crops of the Republic of Uzbekistan [1;2;3;4]. The statistical analysis of the results obtained from field experiments was performed using the B.A. Dospekhov method with the help of Microsoft Excel software. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the variety testing nursery, new potato varieties are studied for adaptation to ecological conditions, preservation of genetic traits, and their potential for efficient and stable adaptation in the future. The phenological observation results of the “Sante” and “Tashkent Ertagisi” potato varieties planted in the variety testing nursery during the early planting period are presented in Table 1. Table-1 The phenological observation results of the “Sante” and “Tashkent Ertagisi” potato varieties planted in the variety testing nursery during the early planting period (in 2020-2021) From full germination to….., day Varietal Germination, day budding flowering samples 10% 75% 10% 75% 10% 75% Santé (st) 13 25 33 36 39 49 Tashkent 11 18 25 27 28 36 Ertagisi V% 12 25 25 30 28 33 V% 11 26 27 33 26 32 In accordance with the research results, in the standard "Sante" variety, germination of seedling was noted to be 10% in 13 days, 75% in 25 days, budding 10% in 33 days, 75% in 36 days, flowering 10% in 39 days, 75% in 47 days, while in the “Tashkent Ertagisi” variety the indicator was 10-75% for germination in 2-7 days, budding in 8-9 days and flowering in 11-13 days earlier than the standard variety. The results of research also showed that in the “Sante” and “Tashkent Ertagisi” varieties planted in an early planting period, the coefficient of variation for 10% seedling germination ranged between 11-12%, indicating strong fluctuations. When 75% of the seedlings had emerged, the variation coefficient ranged between 25-26%, also showing strong fluctuations. From full 121 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК germination until 10-75% budding and flowering, the coefficient of variation remained high, ranging between 25-33%. The biometric measurement results of the potato varieties “Sante” and “Tashkent Ertagisi” which were planted in the variety testing nursery in an early planting period, are presented in Table 2. Table-2 The biometric measurement results of the potato varieties “Sante” and “Tashkent Ertagisi” planted in the variety testing nursery in an early planting period (in 2020-2021) Infection of At the full flowering stage Plant height at plant by the harvesting diseases, % period Varietal Stem height Stem height e samples s m n o relative to relative relative to u c a