Проблемы художественного времени в исторических романах (на примере романов А.Якубовa и П.Кадырова)

Аннотация

Topicality and necessity of the thesis. Literary time is being concerned as the literary-aesthetic category in the world literary studies, expressing the scope of the universe interpretation, the author’s outlook and imagination regarding the world foundation, defining personages, the composition means of expressing the sequence and duration of the events. A creative comprehension of the literary time as a means arranging the work composition, structure, and constructing an epic field of the text demands a special approach to understanding the aesthetic character of the work. Since the literary time includes all the elements of a fictional work, it is impossible to present the plot, composition, conflict, system of characters, feelings and the mood of the characters without the description of the literary time. In the following development of the scientific-theoretical thought in the world, the literary time is accepted to be one of the poetic means to demonstrate the reality as well as to be a literary process that is basic for the expression of the reality in the compositional construction and illustration of the plot relying on the writer’s intention and the ideological conception of the literary work. The literary time enables to cognate the literary world picture created by the author in terms of the descriptive subject and object of the work. Therefore, one of the topical tasks of the modem Uzbek literary studies is to describe a historical evidence, event, the life of outstanding people, the chronology of the near past based on the literary time; on the example of the creative works of a certain period, creators or an individual writer arc analyzed in separate or comparative-typological aspect. The tendency of developing new methods and approaches of the world literary criticism in line with the existent scientific traditions of the Uzbek literary studies has been formed in the years of independence. One may observe the reformation of the universe imaginatively in aggregation of the Western and Eastern literary traditions. The fact that “Uzbekistan is to be competitive worldwide in the sphere of science, intellectual potential, modem personnel training and high technologies”28 sets the task to raise the level of the researches equal to the world standards. The present research work will assist, to a certain extent, to carry out the tasks determined in the decrees and resolutions as well as in other normative-legal documents including “On enhancing the effectiveness of spiritual-enlightenment affairs and promoting the branch development to the new level” No. PD-3160 as of July 28, 2017, “On measures of further improvement of the activity of the Academy of Sciences, organizing scientific works, management and financing” No. PD-2789 as of February 17, 2017, and “On measures of developing publishing and distributing book products, popularizing and enhancing reading books and reading books on culture” No. PD-3271 as of September 13, 2017. The aim of the research work is to study the system of the literary time along with its classical forms, types, categories and styles based on the historical novels “The Treasure of Ulughbck” (“Ulug’bek Xazinasi”) and “The Ancient World” (“Ko’hna Dunyo”) by O.Yakubov, “Starlit Nights” (“Yulduzli Tunlar”) and “Generations Passing” (“Avlodlar Dovoni”) by P.Kadirov. Scientific novelty of the research work includes the followings: a theoretical-conceptual status of the literary time as a literary-aesthetic category has been demonstrated by facts to be a complex system in line with its creative classic types, forms and styles; creative-aesthetic principles of transforming the reality of historical time into literary time reality, literary-aesthetic study of the historical real time through literary time have been investigated; literary past time has been defined to be primary within creative-aesthetic dialectics of the preset and future forms, as well as historical and psychological chronos of historical novels and epic time categories have been determined; the types, forms, categories and styles of the literary time in historical novels based on the authors’ creative wish and idealistic-aesthetic concepts of the works as a unique chronos “atlas” through synthesis of creative-individual and comparative-typological summaries. Conclusion 1. Time is the base of art division into types and a creative discovery within philosophical and literary-aesthetic event. It is an existing form in modem science of literature and is called as artistry fictionalization and fictional artistry. Time is a literary-aesthetic category assembled differently in the art of words, the phenomenon of the poetic fiction, inseparable attribute of the literary world, occurred form of fictional incidence and essential feature of a literary character. 2. Literary time is a complex and various system emerging from the work’s ideal-aesthetic concept; it includes literary time forms, types, categories, styles as a dialectic creative-aesthetic phenomenon. The study of the historical novels has demonstrated the creative-aesthetic system from scientific theoretical viewpoint. 3. Writing styles of individuality of Odil Yakubov and Pirimkul Kadirov’s historical novels considering the transformation of the philosophical category of time into the philosophy of literary time and historical time truth into novel time truth have been studied and generalized from scientific-analytical viewpoint. 4. Literary time is the subject and the object of the depiction in the literary work. Fiction describes the ideas, dreams and expectations of the character and events happened around the time. Literary time is a literary-aesthetic means of planning the work structure, plot, composition and forming an epic text field. It expresses social ideals, the author’s outlook and an ideal-literary intention in a certain historical period. 5. A writer explores his/her literary time world creatively as a result of his/her creative-aesthetic intention, genre features of the work and ideal-literary concept. This creative world involves literally universal time forms - past, present and future. 6. Past time -“hereditary” leading time of historical chronos. Transforming creatively that historical time “innate” reality into literary time reality provides the coincidence of literary past time form with real history in all historical novels’ epic time hierarchy. Literary present time is considered as a target, nuclear of historical novels’ epic time illusion: both literary past time and literary future time take place in present literary time. Literary future time is much more abstract, a bit real, and quite symbolically-philosophically predictable in a literary time system. Especially its compound feature of mixed epic time is seen out of universal time measures with the sense of creative abstraction. 7. Historical time is a leading category of epic time in historical novels. It can “absorb” the rest of time categories. Historical novels in the analysis can be divided into three types according to their historical period: a) historical novels based on factual data (“Starred Nights” (“Yulduzli Tunlar”), “Generations’ Pass” -“Avlodlar Dovoni”), “The Treasure of Ulughbck” - “Ulug’bek Xazinasi”); b)literary fiction and generalization arc preferred more (“The Ancient World” -“Ko’hna dunyo”); c) historical facts based on literary fiction (all of the novels involved in the analysis). Main characteristics, typology of all three types arc historical chronos and chronological time given in a parallel way. 8. Creative-aesthetic discovery of psychological chronos as the “result” of dramatic-tragic time content is dependent on psychological intensification in the art of word. Psychological chronos becomes the major category in dramatic-tragic time of epic time in a psychological novel (“The Treasure of Ulughbck” -“Ulug’bek Xazinasi”). 9. Solution time is a “climax” of assembling all levels, forms, types and categories of a historical novel epic time into the final point. In historical novels solution time depends on the coincidence of historical real time with literally adjusted time by the author. The novels about historical characters are concluded mostly using “close” time in an epic style. Typological coincidence of historical novels epic time demonstrates unexpected paradox creative content: historical great people (Babur, Khumoyun, Akbar) and geniuses (Bcruniy, ibn Sino, Ulughbck) - literary personages symbolically open and eternal with no solution in past, present and future time. For this reason, “open” solution time of the novels in the analysis belongs to the same typological group in different creative individualities. 10. Historical novels arc retrospective works according to their genre and theme, that is the epic time is determined as a leading style rather than retrospection, prospection and retardation. Creatively-widely “popularized” retrospection shows the valid connection between past and present time periods based on compositional means. It is depicted into two dimensions - historical personage and historical time, fictional personage and fictional time concerning mini-retrospections, retrospection in retrospections, retrospection’s inner retrospections in retrospections, retrospection and prospection intermingled retrospections.