Лингвокультурологические и социопрагматические аспекты метафорической эвфемизации

Аннотация

Actuality and necessity of the dissertation theme. The world linguistics has always been interested in the problem of reflecting people’s imagination and outlook in language. That is why in each phase of our science a number of scientific investigations were carried out, and certain branches of linguistics dealt with it. Scientists of different fields have acknowledged that Globalization, which is one of the peculiar features of the contemporary world, as a factor having certain influence on national peculiarities of nations of the world. In this respect, scientists and politicians arc paying more attention to the peculiarities of the value of the cultural-civilized differences among nations. Investigating the language units from social-pragmatic and lingua-cultural point of view of has become one of the main directions of contemporary linguistics. Paying greater attention to language and culture, language and spirituality, language and communication relations in the world linguistics in general shows that the question of investigation of metaphorical euphemisms reflecting these relations is also very important. One of the peculiar features of the language is euphemistic use of its units. Euphemistic phenomena reflect the unity of language and culture. They arc closely connected with the coming into being and growing of national-cultural peculiarities. As linguistics has turned to investigation of speech peculiarities of verbal opportunities on anthropocentric basis, here, it is pointed out that scientific investigation of cuphcmisation in close connection with metophorisation which is characterized by one more very national nature has very important importance. In linguistics of our country the problems of reserving and showing national culture and spirituality in language units occupies one of the central places. Here language, national culture, national mentality, national outlook and enlightenment arc interpreted in unity. Nowadays, special attention is being paid to «...developing scientific research and innovational activity, thorough support of skilled youth’s participation in this process, creative ideas and designs»1. This condition shows that mastering the inner potentials of the language, improving the national culture and inculcate in the minds of the youth have special importance. This dissertation serves in fulfilling the tasks maintained by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About Strategy of Action of Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan» of February 7, 2017, decree PD -4958 «About Further improvement of Post Graduate Education» of February 16, 2017, decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PD- 2909 of April 20, 2017 «About Measures of Improving Higher Education», decision DCM 304 of May 22, 2017 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About Further improvement of Post Graduate Education» and other legal documents concerning the very type of activity. The aim of the research. The main aim of the dissertation is to investigate the process of formation of euphemisms phenomenon in metaphorical ways and its cognitive aspects. The scientific novelty of the research arc the following: nominative and expressive types of metaphoric cuphcmization have been found out against the background of gradual opposition between usual expressions and euphcmic expression; national, cultural and semantic features of denotative -connected with object and connotative - connected with attitude metophorisation in cuphcmisation have been found out; the place of cuphcmisation in the world verbal stage in the condition of international and ethnic communication, the role in improving skills of effective and clever usage of expressive means, metaphorical methods, cognitive aspects of the result of similar and different dialectics of formation have been disclosed. in such attitude as introducing words of national-cultural stereotypes and metaphorization which arc not connected externally to systematic relation, the role of national-cultural imagination in metaphoric cuphcmization have been shown. Conclusion 1. Communication is peculiar in every ethnic environment; it is an alive and dynamic system; its composition and construction arc heterogeneous; constituent relations arc complex. Lingua-cultural analysis of language unites used in communication system in their full complexity - communication environment, in integrity of social-cultural and verbal factors and shifting the researches from pure language investigation to the level of integral analysis have theoretical and practical importance. 2. The degree of communication culture is displayed in speaker’s inner world, achieving his communicative aim by observing speech etiquette, using effectively euphcmic means formed and developed in connection of the language with national environment, ensuring gracefulness of description in all languages of the world. 3. Thanks to taboo, euphemistic means acquires new importance (value). Euphcmization may be valued differently in connection with its product. Communication environment, communication situation and culture create the process of euphemism. Euphemisms arc socially pcculiariscd, euphemism situation in every social system goes on in connection with the environment. 4. Getting old of the new, opposition between new and old, feelings of shame and fear, social prohibition and irritation can be basis for speech euphcmization. Dissatisfaction of a person with expression makes up cuphcmization. Dissatisfaction is the first step towards ensuring the quality of communication. Choosing and using language units aims at affecting the listener, making him serve for the main goal; euphemism as a means of self manifestation of prevents communication inconvenience which may appear with the listener. 5. National outlook is integral with metaphoric support; it is the product and mechanism of secondary nomination; here euphemisms take the leading role. Its metaphoric nature can be seen in the reflection of national-mental view in the reality. Metaphoric cuphcmization is displaying of cultural values in the language, and in such cuphcmcs preciseness, sensitiveness, attractiveness, abstract relation between objects and occurrences. 6. Euphcmic metaphors or metaphoric euphemisms enrich lexical system of language, synonymous ranges, poly mcaningness, colored words continuously. Euphemistic type of the metaphor carries out gnosiological function in many cases. Cognitive metaphoric euphemisms form up delicate differences comparing their traditional alternatives. 7. Perceiving the content and nature of metaphoric euphemism is connected with the environment the person belongs to and thought activity. The quality of expressing creative and figurative thought, the product of thought is marked with the degree of thought. The degree of cognition and intellectual ability of a language user can be clearly seen in metaphoric euphemism. Especially, in creating temporary cognitive metaphoric euphemism, knowledge of language, cooperation of wit and speech qualification is of special interest. 8. Metaphoric euphemistic construction is formed from the content of the main information and connotative meaning set in layers on it. Information gets more complex; one of the positive or negative in the range of connotative meaning takes the lead. Strengthening of connotative meaning occurs at the expense of weakening denotative and functional meanings. 9. The language is one of the main means of formation of cognitive process. It demands ads use more thought, memory, doing sums, wit and skills. 10. Ethnic stereotypes arc formed on the basis of knowledge and values connected with this ethnic group. Ethnic values arc characterized with being more prior and stable than national values. There are a lot of metaphoric euphcmic expressions formed on the basis of ideas about peculiarities of nations and ethnic groups. Looking at the width of the stereotype, metaphoric expression used on the basis of this stereotype has colorful and networked features. 11. Ethnic idea enlarges expression possibility of the language. Stereotypes formed on the basis of concrete and stable images introduce into mutual systematic relations the words which arc not externally connected and close; modifies their substantial essence in connection with environment, condition and other factors. 12. Conceptual potential of language units is its potential of displaying the essence of different concepts by its semantic width. Verbal or speech expression is many sided and polyfunctional nature; it can be a representative of different conceptual essences according to the width of its semantic scale.