CLINICAL ASPECTS AND RISK FACTORS OF RECURRENT BRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN

Аннотация

Bronchopulmonary pathology in childhood is diverse and includes acute and chronic, infectious-inflammatory and allergic diseases, congenital and hereditary lung diseases. Some nosological forms of respiratory Recurrent obstructive bronchitis in young children, as a condition preceding bronchial asthma, is one of the pressing issues in pediatric pulmonology and allergology. Most authors acknowledge that, in terms of its etiological, pathogenetic, and clinical essence, recurrent obstructive bronchitis (ROB) sets the stage for the development of bronchial asthma, which provides grounds for considering children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis as a group at risk for this disease [1,2,3]. Bronchial obstructive syndrome (BOS) clinically manifests as difficulty and prolongation of exhalation, lung hyperinflation, involvement of accessory respiratory muscles, and wheezing during exhalation. The onset of bronchial obstruction usually occurs gradually, more often on the second or third day of ARI, which distinguishes it from an asthma attack that develops suddenly. The highest frequency of bronchial obstructive syndrome occurs in early childhood, which is due to the relative narrowness of the airways, weakness of the respiratory muscles, abundant blood supply, and hypersecretion of bronchial glands (115). Thus, the trend of increasing acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in children and their role in the development of bronchial obstruction, the high risk of recurrent obstructive bronchitis and the possibility of developing bronchial asthma, the variety of immune disorders in this pathology determine the relevance of studying the factors and mechanisms of bronchial obstruction syndrome formation in children with respiratory tract infections.