ABDULLA QADIRIY – THE FOUNDER OF UZBEKISTAN NOVELISM

Аннотация

The article discusses the role of Abdulla Qodiriy in new Uzbek literature and his participation in important socio-cultural and political processes, as well as the unjust government administration revived in the writer's works. In addition, information is provided about the first works written in the genre of novels in Uzbek literature. Key words. Uzbek literature, novels, Days Gone By, The Scorpion from the Altar, Obid Ketmon, Julqinboy. A major figure of Uzbek literature, an active participant in the political, social and cultural processes of the 1920s, and the founder of Uzbek novelism, Abdulla Qodiriy (pseudonyms: Qodiriy, Zhulqinboy) was born on April 4, 1894 in Tashkent. Most literature mentions that he was born into a gardener's family, but his father, Qodirbobo (1820-1924), served as a soldier under the khans and beks, and participated in the defense of Tashkent during the Russian invasion (1865). Abdulla Qodiriy is considered one of the founders of realistic novels in Uzbek literature. In his works, he covered historical events, social problems in society, and issues of national consciousness. 1. Famous works "Bygone Days" (1926) is the first novel in Uzbek literature, covering the life of Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The tragic love of the main characters of the work - Otabek and Kumush - depicts the clash of the old and new eras. "Mehrabdan shayon" (1929) - this novel is also based on historical events, and it highlights the problems of people's life, violence and injustice. "Obid ketmon" (1934) - this story raises issues of rural life, peasant life and inequality in society. 2. Literary style and themes Realism - Kadiri truthfully depicted the reality of life in his works. Historical themes - his novels reflect the era of the old Bukhara and Kokand Khanates. Social criticism - the writer showed the problems of injustice, ignorance and domination in his works. National consciousness and reforms - he considered enlightenment, education and development to be important for the prosperity of the nation. 3. Qodiriy's role in literature He introduced the novel genre to Uzbek literature and made a significant contribution to the formation of national consciousness. His works are still highly valued today and are taught in school and university textbooks. Based on this information, we can say that Abdullah Qodiriy was born into a military family. It is precisely the adventures of his father that became the basis for the creation of a number of works and historical novels of our poet. Abdullah Qodiriy was educated at a Muslim school (1904-1906), a Russian-Tuzem school (1908-1912), and the Abulqasim Sheikh madrasa (1916-1917). He also studied at a literature course in Moscow in 1925-1926, studying Arabic, Persian, and Russian. This also aroused his interest in world literature. Along with his education, he worked independently from childhood to help his family. He mastered various professions and worked as a secretary for local merchants. The beginning of his creative activity dates back to the 1910s. The first publication of the future writer in the press was the book "New Mosque and School", printed under page 1342 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN: 2692-5206, Impact Factor: 12,23 American Academic publishers, volume 05, issue 03, 2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai his signature. Later, his poems "Wedding", "Our Situation", "To My Nation", the drama "Unhappy Groom", and the story "Juvonboz" were published. The first works of Abdulla Qodiriy were written in the spirit of patriotism and enlightenment. With these works of his pen, he wanted to open the eyes of the people and oppose injustice, at least partially. In his works, Abdulla Qodiriy described the life of the people, national consciousness and problems in society, and promoted the following main ideas: 1. National consciousness and independence He tried to awaken national pride by recalling the rich history and culture of the Uzbek people. He promoted the people's awareness of their identity, the fight against foreign colonialism and oppression. 2. Justice and truthfulness His heroes (for example, Otabek - "Bygone Days") fight for truth and justice. The writer condemned corruption, hypocrisy and violence. 3. Enlightenment and development Qodiriy emphasized the importance of science and enlightenment for the development of the nation. In the works "Scorpion from the Altar" and "Bygone Days", it is shown that illiteracy and ignorance are the causes of the backwardness of the people. 4. Love and family values In the novel "Bygone Days", love and loyalty are described as high values. He emphasized that family loyalty and humanity play an important role in the development of society. 5. Freedom and social equality In the story "Obid Ketmon", the hard life of peasants is described and their rights should be protected. The writer advocated that there should be justice in soc