NATIONAL IDENTITY IN SIBELIUS' PIANO WORKS: THE REFLECTION OF ELEMENTS OF FINNISH FOLK MUSIC IN HIS PIANO WORKS

Аннотация

This article analyzes how Sibelius' piano works reflect specific elements of Finnish folk music. It analyzes how Sibelius's interest in national music is expressed in his piano works, how folk melodies, rhythms, and modes are used in his music. It also examines how the originalityofFinnish national musicismanifested inSibelius's piano works. Keywords:Sibelius,piano works, Finnish folk music, national identity, melody, rhythm, mode. Introduction. Finland music, especially that of Jean Sibelius his works, his unique style and melody wealth with to the world is famous . Its Finnish folk music national pride, nature was loveand mythological of the inheritance strong reflections Finland inthelate 19th andearly 20th century’s national identity understanding and independence for struggle during was . During this period art and culture national idea expression tool as big importance profession Sibelius also had his Finnish folk music national soul to wake up and to the world introduction Finnish people in order music from the elements wide In his piano works​ this elements how much skillfully their use, national to oneself uniqueness in expression role and modern musical styles with harmony researchers forbiginterest wakes up1. 1Barnett,G.AnalyticalPerspectivesonSibelius'sPianoWorks.-Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2015.- 312p. http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 438 Volume15Issue03, March2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Sibelius for piano from a hundred more than work Among them are " Lyric plays ” (op. 24, 40, 58, 74), “ Ten such as "Three Piano Pieces " (op. 76), " Ten Piano Pieces " (op. 58) categories, as well as individual plays There is 2a piano piece by Sibelius . national to oneself originality, first in turn, its in the tone’s manifestation Finnish folk composer​ ​ of songs their melodies, their rhythmic structure, features of the fret own in his works skillfully used . Sibelius Finnish folk music of music characteristic characteristics, for example, melancholic mood, nature landscapes expression, epic soul Sibelius ' piano works​ not only national, maybe universal also contains values embodied His​ ​ music human of the soul deep experiences, life philosophical meanings reflection willbring . Sibelius' piano works today's performers and listeners today​ by big interest with acceptance Finnish folk music in Sibelius ' piano works of music various genres and elements wide. For example, the runes ( ancient Finnish songs ) are its in his works melodic and rhythmic patterns as Piano pieces such as " Kyllikki" (1904) contain lyrical melodiesand recurring motifs typical ofrunes . The melodies of the kantele (the Finnish national instrument) are reflected in Sibelius' music through piano technique. For example, in "Kanteletar" (1894), the arpeggio chords and melodiousness characteristic of the kantele are noticeable. And the rhythms of the yorga are reminiscent of national dance styles in works such as "Finlandia" (1899). Musicologists, such as Erik Tawaststjerna and Guy Rickards 3, have noted that Sibelius combined folk music with modern musical forms, which shows his commitment tonational romanticism 4. 2Salmenhaara,E.JeanSibelius:ThePianoMusic.-Helsinki:FinnishMusicInformationCentre,1990.-198p. 3Rickards,G.JeanSibelius.-London:PhaidonPress,1997.-240p. 4Tawaststjerna,E.Sibelius.Vol.1–3.–London:Faber&Faber,1976–1997. http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 439 Volume15Issue03, March2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 There is a lot of foreign literature on the national identity in Sibelius's piano works. For example, Lionel Pike, in his book "Sibelius: An Analytical Study", has analyzed in detail the influence of Finnish folk musicinSibelius's piano works. Sibelius did not directly rework Finnish folk melodies in his piano works, but rather in his own unique style. He took folk melodies as his main material and combined them with modern musical structures and romantic means of expression. For example, "Kyllikki" (1904) contains melodicmotifs typical offolk songs, but they are reshaped inSibelius's lyrical and dramatic style. Erik Tawaststjerna argues that Sibelius turned folk music into "his own musical language", that is, he simplified or complicated the melodies and gave them new meaning 5. Guy Rickards argues that Sibelius stylized kantele melodies through piano techniques in works such as "Kanteletar" (1894) 6. Thus, Sibelius not only preserved folk music, but also transformed it into a newform ofmusical expression. In Sibelius's piano works, the depiction of Finnish nature is closely connected with elements of folk music. In describing natural landscapes, he used melodic and rhythmic patterns that reflect the attitude of the Finnish people to nature. For example, in the work "Prelude" (Op. 9, No. 1), there are arpeggio chords reminiscent of the flow of a r