NOMINATIVE SENTENCES OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Аннотация

Nominative sentences are among the insufficiently developed issues and are still problematic. This article examines the structural and semantic features of nominative sentences and theirtypes, taking intoaccount thesemantic andfunctional features. Keywords: nominative sentences, existential sentences, demonstrative sentences, desirable- existential sentences. Nominative sentences are one-member sentences that assert the presence, existence of a phenomenon or object called the main member of the sentence, which is expressed by a noun in the nominative case or a quantitative-nominal combination, a numeral or a personal pronoun in the nominativecase [3,p.211]. Nominative sentences are among the insufficiently developed issues and are still problematic. For example, we have noted the appropriate reasoning of I.P. Raspopov: "The nominative sentence "Зима" in its constructive relation can be attributed to the usual scheme of verbal sentences, which allows us to consider it as one of the variants of such sentences with a zero predicate (for example: "Зима." - "Была зима"; "Стояла зима"; "Была зима", etc.). However, this is not always possible. In the case of the sentence " Земская больница. За отсутствием доктора, уехавшего жениться, больных принимает фельдшер Курятин...", the nominative sentence " Земская больница " clearly does not fit into thestructure ofverb constructions [6,p.70-71]. The main feature of these sentences is their fragmentariness, which at the same time is accompanied by a significant capacity of the content conveyed. They mention only individual, but significant and expressive details of the situation, which are oriented towards the experience and imagination of the listener or reader, allowing him to form a general idea of ​ ​ the described situation or events: Шум, хохот, беготня, поклоны, галоп, мазурка, вальс…(Пушкин); Выси. Облака. Воды. Броды.Реки. Годыи века. (Пастернак).In other words, these are phenomena and objects that lend themselves tovisual-sensory perception. Nominative sentences, as is known, are limited by words that must convey the semantics of being. In addition to the semantics of being and the nominative case, determined by the grammatical nature of the main member, nominative sentences are also characterized by other mandatory grammatical features: 1) the meaning of predicativity is manifested through the ascertaining intonation; 2) these sentences can only be affirmative, since negation contradicts the very nature of a nominative sentence associated with the concept of being; 3) nominative sentences have a fixed modal-temporal meaning - the present tense, do not allow paradigmatic changes in moods and tenses (expressing the future orpast tense makes them two-part: "Былавесна"; "Будет весна"). There are also alternative views on this issue: two-partness is not observed in this case, as stated, for example, by the author of Academic grammar-70, N. Yu. Shvedova [2, p. 560] and V.V. Vinogradov [1, p. 135]. According to N. Yu. Shvedova, sentences of the type "Была весна"; "Будет весна" are included in the paradigm of a nominative sentence, representing a variant of the structural scheme "Весна", since no relationship of a feature and its carrier is established between the name and the verb, and the verbs была, будет act as an auxiliary syntactic element indicating a temporal reference or temporal changes: this is a simple statement of a phenomenon in the past and future. 308 INTERNATIONAL MULTID30I9SCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue03(2025) As we understand, in the future and past tense in sentences of the type "Весна" an auxiliary verb быть appears, which is lexically discolored and comes as close as possible to a non-notional copula, therefore such sentences are notsyntactically dividedinto asubject and a predicate. This concept is debatable. We adhere to the majority opinion on the advisability of classifying sentences of the type "Была весна"; "Будет весна" is a two-part sentence, since such sentences are not a syntactic paradigm of the " Весна " type of construction, and the verb denotes the presence of a phenomenon at acertain time. While paying tribute to what was done by our predecessors, we nevertheless believe that sentences like На улице дождь; За поворотом наш дом are nominative sentences that contain an "existential" meaning, which is a defining feature of nominative sentences with the "where is what" scheme, and, from our point of view, the presence of a circumstance becomes possible due to the predicative nature of the main member. Such sentences, as N.D. Arutyunova and E.N. Shiryaev correctly noted, are a consequence of the incomplete implementation of the structural scheme of nominative sentences with a zero predicateof being, and form one type of nominative sentences - an incomplete version of existential sentences. V