ADVANTAGES AND METHODS OF COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUELS IN A FINELY DISPERSED STATE

Аннотация

In modern energy systems, the combustion process of solid fuels in a highly dispersed state is considered one of the key technological challenges. This article discusses the development ofa burner design that ensures efficient combustion ofsolidfuels in afinely dispersed state. Keywords: solid fuel, burner, mechanochemical method, pneumatic dispersion method, ultrasonic technology. For the combustion of solid fuels in a highly dispersed state, they must be ground into fine particles. The following methodsare used forthis purpose: The mechanochemical method involves breaking solid fuels into fine particles and chemically modifying them to improve their combustion properties. This method combines physical- mechanical effects and chemical reactions. For this purpose, solid fuels are ground using special mills, crushers, or ultra-fine mechanical devices. Chemical reagents or catalysts are added to the fuel to modify its composition and combustion characteristics. Stabilizers are used to ensure the modified particles remain stable under specific conditions. By using this method, theexpansion of the combustion surface increases energy efficiency. It allows for the control of combustion rate and temperature. Additionally, it helps reduce harmful gas emissions intotheatmosphere and enhances theporosity andreactivity of thesolidfuel phase. The mechanochemical method of dispersing solid fuels improves their physical and chemical properties. This approach makes fuels more efficient and environmentally friendly. In the future, further development of this technology will contribute to increased energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Lignite coal crushed to various fractions fromthe Angren mine. 277 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue03(2025) The dispersion of solid fuels is an important technological process to increase their surface area and improve the combustion process. The pneumatic method is highly efficient in this process, ensuring thefine dispersion offuel particles usingthekineticenergy ofair. The pneumatic dispersion method is the process of separating and breaking fuel particles into smaller fragments using a gas stream or compressed air. This method employs specialized equipment and aerodynamicsystems. In this process, solid fuel is crushed and separated into the required particle sizes. The interaction between compressed air or another gas stream and the particles increases. Using turbulent flow, the fuel particles are brought into a fine dispersed state. The dispersed fuel then mixes with the gas and is directed into thecombustionprocess. This method accelerates the combustion process and increases the level of heat generation. It ensures complete fuel combustion andreduces emissions.It allows formaximum fuel utilization and reduces energy consumption. Additionally, itenables theuse ofvarious types ofsolidfuels. The pneumatic dispersion method is used in various industries, including thermal power plants, metallurgy, the chemical industry, and cement production processes. This technology helps improve fuel efficiency and ensures energy savings. The pneumatic method of solid fuel dispersion is an important technological process in the energy and industrial sectors. This method is highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and economically beneficial. In the future, further improvements in this method will contribute to increasing the efficiency ofenergy resource utilization. In recent years, ultrasonic technology has been widely used as an effective method for dispersing solid fuels. Ultrasonic waves are high-frequency mechanical vibrations that act on liquids or solid materials, breaking them into fine particles. This process involves the phenomenon of cavitation, where microbubbles form in the liquid medium and collapse under pressure, releasing intense localized energy. This energy enables the grinding of solid fuels and ensures a uniform dispersion state. In the ultrasonic dispersion process, solid fuel particles are pre-dried and prepared to the required size. The solid fuel is processed in a specialized liquid medium (such as water, solvents, or stabilizers) using ultrasonic waves. The fine particles generated by ultrasound are filtered and stabilized to ensure uniform distribution. The final dispersion results are evaluated through microscopic examination,particle sizeanalysis, and combustion efficiency tests. The use of the ultrasonic dispersion method allows particles to be ground down to the micron and nanometer range. It ensures uniform particle distribution. The final product can be obtained without additional reagents. Due toimproved fuel efficiency, harmful emissions are reduced. The ultrasonic dispersion method is one of the promising technologies for grinding solid fuels and improving their combustion efficiency. It