THE PLACE OF MUHAMMAD ALI JAMALZODA IN MODERN PERSIAN LITERATURE

Аннотация

This article analyzes the role and influence of Muhammad Ali Jamalzoda in modern Persian literature. Jamalzoda is one of the founders of 20th-century Persian literature, and his works are based on the principles of realism, social criticism, and modernization. The author discusses Jamalzoda's work, his artistic style, and the innovations he brought toPersian literature. Hiscontributions totheprose genre andliterary heritage are also highlighted. Keywords:Muhammad Ali Jamalzoda, modern Persian literature, realism, modernism, social criticism,prose, literary heritage. Introduction: Persian literature has a centuries-old history, in which classical poetry and traditional prose occupy an important place. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, Persian literature underwent a process of renewal and modernization. During this period, new literary trends began to take shape under the influence of secular ideas, Western literary influence, and socio-political changes. In this process, Muhammad Ali Jamalzoda emerged as oneofthefounders of modern Persian literature. Jamalzoda is known as a writer who introduced a new style - realistic prose - in a period when traditional poetry dominated Persian literature. His work paved the way for the development of new methods of artistic expression in Persian literature. He wrote stories based on realism and social criticism, highlighting the current problems of society. His works are distinguished by being close to the vernacular, understandable, and vital, unlike the traditional Persian literary language. This article analyzes the place of Muhammad Ali Jamalzoda in Persian literature, his creative heritage, the characteristics of his works, and his contribution to the development of Persian literature. Main part: Muhammad Ali Jamalzoda was born in 1892 in Isfahan, Iran. He was interested in science and literature from a young age and went to Germany to study. Jamalzoda studied Iranian and Western literature thoroughly and began to introduce a modernist style in his early works. He criticizedsocial inequality, corruption, and outdated customsin Iranian society. Jamalzoda began a new era in Persian literature with the collection of stories "Yaki bud va yaki nabud" (The One and the Fanatic) written in 1921. This collection was innovative not only in terms of literary style, but also in terms of content, reflecting simple and folk language, clear images, and life problems. In his works, Jamalzoda condemned the difficult life of the people, moral problems, and injusticesin state administration. Jamalzoda's greatest contribution to Persian literature is his role as the founder of modern literary prose. His work is characterized bythefollowing aspects: Realism and social criticism: He used a realistic approach in his works and directly criticized the vices in society. His stories depicted the problems inherent in the lower classes of Persian society, as well as the corruption and injustices in the state system. This was in sharp contrast totheidealism characteristicoftraditional literature. page1161 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Simple vernacular language and style: While most of the literature of that period was written in complex and lofty poetic language, Jamalzoda broke with tradition and created prose closeto thevernacular. This was important for ittobeunderstandableto a widereadership. Influence of Western literature: He introduced the genres of short stories and novels from Western literature into Persian literature. Jamalzoda was influenced by French and German realism, and Russian literature (Tolstoy and Dostoevsky). He introduced techniques such as illuminating events with deep psychological analysis, creating characters, and depicting events in lifein prose. Jamalzoda's stories and novels had a strong influence on the formation of modern Persian literature. Following his path, later writers such as Sodiq Hidayat and Jalal Al-Ahmad developed modern prose. The main innovationsthat Jamalzoda introduced into literature were: Transition from traditional poetic literature to prose - while the genres of short stories and novels were weak inPersian literature before, Jamalzodadeveloped prose. Reflection of real life - he did not romanticize events, but covered them with an objective andrealistic approach. Creating literature that was in line with changes in society - he challenged old concepts andput forward new ideas. His work was not limited to Iran, but had a great impact on the entire Persian-speaking world. He put forward the ideas of calling for social change, critical thinking, and accurately depicting thelifeof thepeoplethrough literature. Analysis and results: Muhammad Ali Jamalzoda left an indelible mark on history as a writer who radically changed Persian literature. He created a new style, differ