АНАЛИЗ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ НА ВИНОГРАДНЫХ РАСТЕНИЯХ В СЫРДАРЬИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Аннотация

The article presents the results of a study carried out in the farm "Nodir-Ravshanbek-Bunyed" in Gulistan district of Syrdarya region. Grape varieties with different disease resistance - Toifi, Charos, Black Chilgi, Huseini, Mercedes and Rizamat ota - were selected as the object. The prevalence and development of pathogenic microorganisms were studied. Key words: Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator, Botrytis cinerea, Gloeosporium ampelophagum. Annotatsiya: Maqolada Sirdaryo viloyati Guliston tumani “Nodir-Ravshanbek-Bunyod” fermer xoʻjaligida olib borilgan tadqiqot natijalari keltirilgan. Obekt sifatida kasalliklarga chidamliligi turli xil boʻlgan uzum navlari - Toifi, Charos, Qora chilgi, Husayni, Mersedes hamda Rizamat ota tanlab olindi. Ularda kasallik qoʻzgʻatuvchi mikroorganizmlarning tarqalish hamda rivojlanish darajasi oʻrganilgan. Kalit so’zlar: Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator, Botrytis cinerea, Gloeosporium ampelophagum. 21 Universaljurnal.uz Universal International Scientific Journal 2024, 1(7) Аннотация: В статье представлены результаты исследования, проведенного в фермерском хозяйстве «Нодир-Равшанбек-Бунед» Гулистанского района Сырдарьинской области. В качестве объекта были выбраны сорта винограда с различной устойчивостью к болезням - Тоифи, Чарос, Черный Чилги, Хусейни, Мерседес и Ризамат ота. Изучены распространенность и развитие патогенных микроорганизмов. Ключевые слова: Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator, Botrytis cinerea, Gloeosporium ampelophagum. Language: English Citation: Turabekova, D. ANALYSIS OF THE SPREAD OF MICROBIOLOGICAL DISEASES ON GRAPE PLANTS IN THE SYRDARYA REGION. Universal International Scientific Journal, 1(7), 21–27. Retrieved from https://universaljurnal.uz/index.php/jurnal/article/view/1154 Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13981485 In order to prevent these diseases, scientific Introduction. One of the main conditions for work is constantly being carried out. In the further development of viticulture, which particular, according to the research of is an important branch of agriculture in our N.A.Yakushina, the grape varieties Podarok republic, and for increasing the quantity and Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha, Bianka, quality of the grape harvest, is to protect the Suruchensky Bely, Ovidiopolsky, vines from harmful organisms, including Oleshkovsky are resistant to mildew and diseases. Vines have several dozen infectious oidium [10], and Chardonnay, Cabernet diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, Sauvignon, Aligote, Merlot, Sauvignon phytoplasmas and nematodes. They can Zelenyi, Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Bastardo destroy a large part of the crop [6]. Magarachsky and Riesling are resistant to The control measures start with choosing a mildew and oidium [1]. place for creating a vineyard, planting healthy Among the 10 types of pathogenic fungi seedlings, and the activity of protecting the listed in V.A.Volodin's dissertation, the most growing vine is organized on the basis of common are: Phomopsis viticola- up to 76.3%, monitoring the spread and development of Alternaria alternate - up to 56.7%, diseases during the season and analyzing their Clodosporium herbarum - up to 50.1%, results [8]. Trichotecium roseum - 43.1% %, Botrytis Currently, the following microbiological cinerea -30.0% [4]. L.Gierland M. Fischer diseases of vines are widespread in reported for the first time about the following Uzbekistan: mildew, oidium, anthracnose, fungi found in the South Palatine area of cercosporosis, gray rot, cypress necrosis, Germany: Botryosphaeria sarmentorum, phyllostictosis, phomosis, cladosporiosis, Cadophora malorum, Cadophora novi- bacterial cancer, etc. [9]. In all areas where eb¬oraci, Collophora africana, Collophora grapes are grown in the Russian Federation, hispanica, Cyto¬spora chrysosperma, every year there are mildew, oidium, gray rot Diaporthe foeniculina, Dothiorel¬la iberica, of the vine, grozdevaya listovertka, thrips, and Phaeoacremonium angustius. Diplodia vinogradnyy zuden, as well as spider mite, seriata, Diplodia mutila, Dothiorella iberica, phylloxera leaf form, etc. occurs [1]. Cytospo¬ra chrysosperma, and Dothiorella 22 Universaljurnal.uz Universal International Scientific Journal 2024, 1(7) iberica were studied from March to September countries including Canada, have been [11]. extensively studied [14]. Research by Cornell Epiphytotic dangerous diseases of major University plant pathologist Donald Reddick importance in the complex of diseases causing was the first to study dead stem disease great damage to grape crops are mildew syndrome in grapevines in North America (Plasmopara viticola Berl. Et Toni) and oidium [12]. In 2010, Botrytis infestation area and (Uncinula necator Berkl.) [5]. yields were significantly lower in Italian Downy mildew is caused by Plasmopara vineyards [5]. Research has shown that viticola Berl. et Toni belonging to the group of removal of infected leaves is very effective in false mealy fungies. This is the st