ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTS ON EVASION OF MILITARY SERVICE IN THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA. (BASED ON ARCHIVE DATA OF THE OFFICE OF THE KOSHBEGI OF THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA)

Аннотация

In the article, the author analyzes the reasons for desertion from military service in the army of the Bukhara Emirate during the reign of the Mangit dynasty, its causes and consequences based on documents from the I-126 collection of the National Archives of the RepublicofUzbekistan -thechancellery ofthe Koshbegs oftheBukhara Emirate. Keywords:sarbazy, desertion, guarantor, Shefsky, Tersky, Koshbegi, foreman. Introduction. The I-126 collection of the National Archives of Uzbekistan - a collection of documents of the Divankhana Koshbegs of the Bukhara Emirate - is a valuable source of information on the reign of the Bukhara emirs Muzaffarhan, Abdulakhadkhan and Alimkhan. Volumes 1629-1631 of this collection are considered documents on desertion and have not yet entered scientificcirculation. From the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the basis of the military structure of the Bukhara Emirate was the infantry - sarbozes. During the Mangid dynasty, in addition to the army of the emirate, several new military formations were formed until 1920. According to historian Muhammad Sayyid Baljuvani, the structure of the army in the emirate in 1917-1920 was as follows: “The Bukhara army consisted of seven favj (groups). 1. Artillerymen. 2. Mounted Cossacks. 3. Shefski. 4. Terek. 5. Arabbachi. 6. Turkmen army. 7. Sarbazy1”. Military service was lifelong, but during the reign of Amir Abdullakhan the age limit was set at 60 years. When studying the documents of the archival fund of Kushbegi Divankhan, there is much information about desertion from military service, the main part of which is made up of ordinary sarbazes: - Your Majesty! I wish you a blessed journey! A sarbaz named Navruzali has escaped from Sadykbek's army. I asked, according to your order, whether this man was in my army or not. There is no such man in my army. If I find this man, I will send him to the highest state body accompanied bysomeone. Ihave filed acomplaint so that you know. Always behealthy 2; According to thetradition of the Mangit dynasty, when recruiting for military service, up to three guarantors from among close relatives oracquaintances were sealed with the seal of theqadi. If a serviceman evades military service, that is, escapes and is wanted for a certain period and is not found, then oneof theguarantors iscalled upfor military service: - Your Excellency! Your servant Mirbiy Parvanachi! Your artillerymen and two sarbaz, that is, those who serve in Bukhara-Sharif, a total of 30 people. Eight of them managed to escape. We reported this to the centurion. If they cannot find the fugitives, we ordered the arrest of their 1MuhammadAliBaljuvani.Tarihinofeiy(Usefulhistory)/TranslationfromTajik,withaprefaceandcommentsby Sh.VohidovandZ.Choriev.–Tashkent:Academy,2001.–122p. 2NationalArchivesofUzbekistan,f.I-126,decree.1,d.1629,l.1.Also:NationalArchivesofUzbekistan,f.I-126, op.1,d.1629,l.3. page632 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai guarantors. We will include them in the army. I ordered other claimants to replace the dead. I filed acomplaint so that you know3.Be healthy! 1324AH. 1906. In cases where fugitive military personnel do not have guarantors, their close relatives are sought andthey are recruited for military service: -Your Excellency! Mirbiy Divanbeg: Sir, at the request offoreman Safar, thebrave sarbaz Kadir has fled from high-ranking military service. I did not dare to find this sarbaz or his guarantor and hand him over to the corporal. They found the sarbaz's brother, Azim. His brother and 3-4 other people from the village reported that Kadir had gone to the high intelligence service in the Farash region. If the foreman is not found within 15 days, we will make Shermukhammad Amin the guarantor for his brother Baymurad. I have filed this complaint so that you know. Be healthy!4 It is worth noting that the search for deserters was carried out not only throughout the country, but also in neighboring countries (Khiva Khanate, Kokand Khanate, Turkestan Governorate- General, Iran, Afghanistan) through embassies and consulates: - Your Excellency! All your servants participate in your prayers. Wadel of my state, we found Nematullah, who escaped from high state service in Mashhad, and sent him to high state service with an ambassadorial letter. His Excellency the ambassador presented a carpet worth 70 tangas. In Nematullah's purse were 25 coins, a book and another book. I sent him to my master along withthese things. Wetookarent of 12tangas from him5. There are also frequent cases of sarbaz disappearing while on guard duty in areas near thickets, thickets and small forests on the territory of the emirate. There is also an assumption that some ofthem could have been eaten bywild animals: - Your Excellency! There are regular army sarbazis in the