Transportation problems of karakalpakstan in 1941-1945s

Аннотация

The article highlights the state of transport communication in Karakalpakstan during the Second World War. With the beginning of the war, the entire transport system of the republic was reorganized. All its activities were aimed at meeting the needs of the front. Most of the cars and tractors were mobilized to the front, shipping and railways were heavily burdened. The republic had sea and river transport, through which all cargo flows were carried out. The republic had transport links through the Aral and Amu Darya shipping lines and had access to large railway lines. Keywords: World War II, transport, main line, railway, shipping, economy. poor, with the exception of the Khodjeyli - Pristan road. Introduction: The Second World War is one of the Therefore, in order to ensure year-round traffic along greatest tragedies in the history of all mankind. It also the Nazarkhan section and from Nukus to the border of negatively affected the life of the people of the Chimbay region, repairs of that road began in 1941. Karakalpakstan, its socio-economic and spiritual In addition, in 1941 it was planned to build a reinforced condition. According to the historiography of the topic, concrete bridge across the Kyzketken canal with an it is known that since the beginning of the war, all approach to the Nukus pier, as well as the construction efforts and resources were directed towards the of the Nukus - oil depot road, rebuilding of bridges on struggle against fascism, the heroic labor of the main canals in order to ensure normal navigation. population of the republic and the contribution of the During this period, for the first time in Karakalpakstan, Karakalpakstan people to the common victory. a crushed stone highway was built between the old and One of the poorly studied topics of that period is the new cities of Nukus. state of the republic's transport communications, One of the determining factors in strengthening the which began to form in the 1930s. Vehicular roads of material and technical base of the transport of the Karakalpakstan were of particular importance in the autonomous republic in 1941 was the reconstruction of economic and cultural growth of the republic, the Turtkul - Aral Sea highway (314 km), which therefore, in the pre-war years, special attention was contributed to the economic development of the paid to this. The entire network of roads was natural, region. At the beginning of 1942, a significant part of profiled and only a small part was improved with tractors and vehicles were sent to the front, therefore, cartilage and shell. The total length of roads was 4695 water transport and railways began to play an km, of which 4024 km were of local importance and 672 important role in the transport communication system. were of national importance [1]. The republic had sea and river transport, which allowed The difficult situation in the national economy of access to the railway network. It is known that through Karakalpakstan during the war years and the increased the Aral Sea the republic had access to the Orenburg cargo turnover forced the local authorities to pay more railway line, connecting it with the metropolis. During and more attention to the construction of the road. the war, by river and sea transport, troops were Despite the fact that the republic had a large stock of transported through the Amu Darya and the Aral Sea, building materials (stone, gravel - Khodjeyli region, and the goods necessary for the front and rear. Over sand, gravel - Khalkabad, Nazarkhan, shells - Nukus), 70% of the total cargo turnover of the Aral and a the condition of the roads in these named points was significant part of the Amu Darya shipping company fell American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 66 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) on cargo going to the republic. The management of The state river fleet served the transportation of 79 both shipping companies was outside the republic - this mechanized and 208 non-mechanized vessels with a affected the quality of service (i.e., delay in delivery, total carrying capacity of 20.7 thousand tons [2]. Due to loss of cargo, quality, etc.). Under the existing service the lack of containers, the river fleet refused to system, the 200 km section (Urgench - Khojeyli) transport cement, lime, salt, oilcake, timber, firewood, remained outside the field of activity of both shipping etc. They were sent by vehicles. At that time, the companies, since the service line between them was operation of the self-propelled fleet on the intra- established for the Amu Darya along the Chardzhou - republican channels was not yet ensured, the use of the Urgench line, and the Aral Sea - along the Aral Sea - sailing and strap mode of movement continued, Khojeyli line. despite the turnover of 50-55 thousand tons along the Kyzketken canal. Meanwhile, all cargo arriving for Karakalpakstan via th