Ornamental design of Khiva legislative acts

Аннотация

Diplomatic and paleographic study of historical documents serves to identify more accurate and specific conclusions in the field of documentation. But there are some aspects, or rather attributes, of documents that carry a lot of information on the history and culture of a particular state. One of them is the ornaments that show the art and aesthetic value of historical documents. Miniatures, illustrations, elegant patterns in the seals of the khans, in the title part of documents (unvan), in tables, colorful, geometric drawings made in the text frame, with the help of such attributes you can get a lot of information about the culture and social environment of the Khorezm nation. This article discusses the ornaments used in the design of legislative acts from the palace chancery of the Khiva Khanate (16th–20th centuries) of two: Arabshahids (1510–1770) and Qungrat (1770–1920) dynasties. Keywords: Khiva Khanate, paleography, archival documents, legal documents of Khiva, yorliq, ornaments, miniatures, ornamental compositions. rights and duties of officials, issues of privileges and Introduction: Legislative acts are a valuable source for immunity, issued as gratitude for the implementation studying a number of issues in the history of the of state orders and so on. These issues, today continue development in the territory of Turan. In general, the to be studied in the works of foreign researchers W. currently available documents of the archive of the Wood [4], P. Sartori [10]. Based on the topics of the Khiva khans contain extensive and diverse material on above-mentioned works, the primary task outlined in the political, socio-economic and cultural life of the this article is to study the meaning of ornaments, khanate. The National Archive of Uzbekistan, the Abu methods of painted sketches-patterns, geometric Reyhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies, the “Ichan- figures used in the design of acts, or rather labels. This Kala” State historical and architectural museum- topic is little studied, but very relevant. reserve and a number of other private collections contain more than 200 legislative acts issued by the METHOD chancellery of the Khiva Khanate. Legislative acts are usually called legal documents The study of these historical documents of the khanate emanating from the supreme or local authorities. The dates back to the 1940s. For example, several dozen most common types of them are: farmon, nishon, Khiva documents were introduced into scientific yorliq, muborak-noma, inoyatnoma, hukmnoma. circulation by P.P. Ivanov [7], M.Y. Yuldashev [8], Yu. According to professor U. Sultanov, a single name Bregel [3]. The published documents give an idea of the “yorliq” can be used for all types of documents in this land holdings, the history of agrarian relations, the land category. Thus, the main functions of the above- and water policy of the Khiva Khanate, which are still mentioned legalized acts are the regulation of relations studied in scientific articles by U. Abdurasulov [1]. between the state and an individual, the establishment of order in the social sphere of life of the state, since The history of the political life and diplomatic relations the documents had the authority to establish laws of the khanate were widely studied in the works of N. within the framework of Islamic Sharia. Allaeva [2], E. Karimov [9], O. Zhalilov [6] paid special attention to the description of documents, their texts, In addition to the functional development, documents as well as to the publication of labels concerning issues have other features: the seals of the compilers and the of socio-economic life of Khiva, such as tax system, customer; components reflecting the will of the khan American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 78 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) (explications: from Quran, dua, hadises), ornamental Turkic–muslim ornament. Ornament as an art, as a design of documents. Each type of document has its symbol originated at the very dawn of human history own traditional way of composing the text and building and therefore can be considered one of the most its structure, paper size, design. A very interesting ancient forms of human self-expression. Ornament in direction is the study of the ornamentation of Islam is especially diverse in form, color and content. documents. Calligraphy, ornamentation and design in Islam is a religion that prohibits the depiction of living the document reflected the art spirit of its time and beings, so ornament compensated for these place, they could also be formed by the personal taste prohibitions. It is based on symbols and signs. Along of the scribe, representing the aesthetic views and skills with the development of types of writing, the art of text of the katibs (munshiy). Masterpieces in design began to be widely used, in particular, ornamentation leave indelible impressions