"FUNUN UL-BALOGH" - the first theoretical source on Turkic poetics

Аннотация

This article discusses the views of an American scholar who studied "Funun ul-Balogha" by Sheikh Ahmad Tarazi, the first Turkish treatise on poetics in the history of literary studies, created during the Timurid era, and its only existing manuscript copy. Keywords: "Funun ul-baloga," Devin DeWeese, manuscript, fann, ilmi badi', aruz, rhyme. Tarazi: A Neglected Source on Central Asian Literary Introduction: The end of Mongol rule in Central Asia in Culture from the Fifteenth Century" ("Navoi's the second half of the 14th century and the emergence predecessors in the work of Sheikh Ahmad ibn of the Timurid state in its place played a significant role Khudoydod Tarazi: A forgotten source in Central Asian in the history of the Turkic peoples in this region, who cultural studies since the 15th century"). As evident later became known as Uzbeks, and in their political, from the research topic, this study is dedicated to the economic, and cultural unification. During this period, Western scholar's views on the literature and culture of along with science, literature also reached great the medieval Muslim East and Sheikh Ahmad Tarazi's heights. As attention to scholars increased, the literary work "Funun ul-balogha." process intensified as well. Notably, treatises on the science of poetics were created not only in Persian but In his research, DeWeese evaluates the work as an also in Turkic languages. ancient Turkic text on the history and culture of the Timurid era that has survived to our time but has not One of the important sources providing information yet been fully studied. In the introduction to the work, about the literary and cultural development of Central the author introduces himself as "Sheikh Ahmad ibn Asian peoples in the 15th century, created during the Khudoydod Tarozi, may God elevate his status in both Timurid period and devoted to poetry studies, is the worlds, who is the engineer of this edifice and the work "Funun ul-balogha" by Ahmad Tarazi. During this teacher of this expression." Tarazi's friends and period, along with science, literature also reached a companions also called the work "Funun ul-balogha" by high level. As attention to scholars increased, the the name "Latoifi Tarazi." Tarazi says about this: "We literary process also intensified. compiled Persian and Turkic words and arranged a One of the important sources providing information treatise. We named it 'Fununul-balogha.' And some about the literary and cultural development of the friends also called it 'Latoyifi Tarozi.'" Additionally, in peoples of Central Asia in the 15th century, created the preface to the work, Tarazi offers endless praise in during the Timurid period and devoted to poetry honor of Mirzo Ulugbek, who patronized him, using studies, is the work "Funun ul-balogha" by Ahmad epithets such as "the greatest of kings, the most Tarazi. learned of rulers, the mine of kindness and generosity." Devin DeWeese, a professor at Indiana University in the In the introduction, the author states that the work USA and an Oriental scholar, presents important consists of five parts covering poetic varieties, the insights on a unique monument of literary studies in his science of rhyme, the science of rhetoric, the science of research titled "The Predecessors of Nava'i in the prosody, and the science of riddles. 'Funun al-balaghah' of Shaykh Ahmad b. Khudaydad American Journal Of Philological Sciences 107 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) In the chapter titled "The Manuscript, the Author, and He points out that quotations from Arabic and Persian the Work," Devin DeWeese provides detailed poetry in the work serve as evidence of this. The information about the manuscript. Information about following sentences from "Funun ul-balogha" also the treatise was initially published by the orientalist confirm these observations: "This enthusiast studied scholar Hermann Ethé in the second volume of the many manuscripts, and indeed, delved deeply into the catalog of Islamic manuscripts in the Bodleian Library. meters of 'Aruzi Qistos,' 'Aruzi Undulusiy,' 'Me'yor-ul- Ethé briefly mentions the author of the work, its two ash'or,' and similar works." different titles, its dedication to Mirzo Ulugbek, and its Overall, as a result of Devin de Weiss's research, he preservation under number 127 in column 1225. He offers valuable insights about the period when "Funun describes the treatise as "an interesting work on ul-balogha" was written, its language, and the rhetoric and metrics, various fields of poetry." manuscript copy, attempting to reveal the scientific The manuscript is also mentioned in the fourth part of value of the treatise. Eleazar Birnbaum's 1984 work "Turkish Manuscripts: Additionally, scholar A. Hayitmetov made significant Registered and Unregistered Manuscripts Since 1960." contributions to introducing "Funun ul-balog'a" to the Later, in 2003, based on Hermann Ethé