The effect of temperature on the life activity of spermophilus pygmaeus distributed in the southern regions of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

This article is dedicated to an in-depth study of the effect of temperature on the species Spermophilus Pygmaeus in the field of rodentology. Existing studies show that temperature has a great influence on the number of small ground squirrels, their life activity, nest drying, and the development of young ground squirrels. This requires better study of the species and demonstration of new approaches based on ecological research. In studies conducted in the southern regions of Uzbekistan in 2023, a systematic analysis was conducted of how the nests, colonies, and population dynamics of these species changed depending on the temperature. To support scientific achievements in the field of rodents, it is necessary to develop new methods and test them in practice. Moreover, these studies demonstrate the importance of preserving the biodiversity of rodents and ensuring the sustainability of ecosystems. Keywords: Spermophilus Pygmaeus, rodent, burrow, ethology of the species, synanthropus, landscape, temperature. scientific works of Varshavskiy and Kalabukhov, data Introduction: Today, the animal world is being widely are presented on the seasonal changes in the life studied, in particular, the distribution of rodents of the activity of rodents, various adaptations, and seasonal genus Rodentia, their life activity, role in nature and changes in the number of species [1;2;3;4]. The human life, and the role of representatives of the genus relationship between the annual number of rodents, as carriers of infectious diseases. These works require a the spread of various diseases, and the periods of broader theoretical and practical study of activity of the species is presented in Rall's works [8;9]. representatives of the genus and are of great practical Optimization of conditions for rodents, that is, an importance. The occupation of new territories by increase in temperature, influences the intensification species and the emergence of new adaptive of various chemical reactions and life activity. However, adaptations to changes in nature are increasing. The if heat exchange is deviated from the optimal norm, the migration of rodents for food and habitat is increasing main factor can become the ambient temperature, as a result of anthropogenic impact. This situation leads which directly affects the ethological, ecological, to the fact that species cause more epidemiological physiological, and even biochemical reactions of situations. That is, the migration of rodents and their rodents [5;6;7]. The rise in temperature is a factor that approach to residential areas, their ectoparasites, determines the food of rodents, their reproduction, the which are carriers of infectious diseases, is expansion of the range of species, the number and accompanied by an increase in the number of various viability of young individuals. Temperature also affects infectious diseases in humans. In addition, the how rodents build shelters and construct nests. The calculation of indicators of the density and annual increase or decrease in ambient temperature also activity of rodent species is of great importance, and affects the temperature of the rodent's nest. Heat also when calculating these indicators, relative indicators affects the body temperature of small ground squirrels, are often used, but these indicators do not give a clear the development of their physical thermoregulation, picture of their actual number and state. In the American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation 15 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) and the conditioned reflex mechanisms of heat Thermometers were used to measure the temperature. regulation [10]. In some rodents, when the ambient RESULTS AND DISCUSSION temperature changes by 25° (5 - 30°), the body Our research is also aimed at studying the vital activity temperature changes by 0.6-1.2° [11]. In rodents of representatives of the genus Rodentia in the distributed in mountainous areas, changes in ambient southern regions of Uzbekistan, their numbers, the temperature contribute to an increase of an average of influence of seasonal changes, and migration to 0.8° [12]. At the beginning of spring, the body agricultural lands. The research work examined the temperature of newborn rodents differs by 1°, while in temperature-dependent changes in the number of summer-born rodents it differs by 0.3° from the small ground squirrels (Spermophilus pygmaeus) ambient temperature [13]. We also focused our distributed in the natural and cultural landscapes of the research on such issues as the influence of ambient Nishan district of Kashkadarya region, which is temperature on small ground squirrels and the change considered the southern territory of Uzbekistan. The in the number of species depending on temperature. awakening of Spermophilus pygmaeus from winter METHODS sleep occurs at the beginning of hot days, that is, in the In A