IN THE BUKHARA KHANATE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DOR USH SHIFA (HOSPITAL) BY SUBHONQULIKHAN

Аннотация

в статье раскрывается сущность научной деятельности аштарханского правителя Бухарского ханства Субханкулихана. Подробно рассмотрены реформы Субханкулиханав области медициныи его отношения справителями тоговремени.Также подробно объясняется организация и структура Дор уш-шифа, ее значение в то время и сейчас. Ключ слова:Субханкулихан, медицинского развитие, структура медресе, медицина Субхани,Дор уш-шифа. The earliest written records regarding the medicine of the ancient peoples who lived within the territory of our country are still acknowledged. The work *The Canon of Medicine* by the great scholar Abu Ali ibn Sina, known as Avicenna in the West and “Shaykh ur-Rais’’ (Leader of the Wise) in the East, was used as a textbook in European universities for several centuries. In ancient times, there were medicinal centers similar to modern healthcare institutions in the page353 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai territory of Uzbekistan. Amir Timur brought famous physicians from other countries to the capital, Samarkand, and established specialized hospitals. In the regions of Mawarannahr and Khurasan, separate buildings were constructed for hospitals. During the era of the later Timurid rulers, significant attention was also given to the establishment of hospitals, with prominent figures like Alisher Navoi playing an important role in this regard. The medical field continued to advance during the Shaybanid and Ashtarkhanoid dynasties. A striking example of this progress is thecontribution ofSubhonqulixon tomedicine. Subhonqulixon (1681–1702), among the Ashtarkhanoid rulers, stood out for his enlightened approach, engagement with scientific activities, and patronage of those involved in scholarship. Historical records suggest that during his reign, there were significant advancements in science. Subhonqulixon was an intellectual ruler with knowledge in fields such as medicine, astronomy, and poetry. He was well-versed in the medical sciences and authored works related to medicine. Specifically, he wrote two notable medical treatises. Subhanquli khan himself was the author of several works on medicine and astrology. He had knowledge in medicine and was engaged in healing himself. His work on medicine "Subkhankuli's revival of medicine" ("Ihya at-tibb Subhani") was written in the Central Asian Turkic language and is devoted to the description of diseases, their recognition and treatment. One of the manuscript lists is kept in the library in Budapest.1 The first was written in Turkish (Uzbek) and was titled “Tibbi Subhoni”2 (The Medicine of Subhon). This work provides detailed information on the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Subhonqulixon’s work was so significant that it served as an essential reference for medical practitioners of that time. His second work, “Subhon’s Life-Giving Medicine”, is divided into eight sections. This work is also considered one of the key texts in the field of medicine. In this treatise, each section discusses the proper preparation and use of medicines. Additionally, itcovers thebeneficial plants for human health. Both ofthese works are considered exemplary medical texts of their time, as they are intricately linked. The first discusses the causes and treatment methods for diseases, while the second focuses on medicinal plants and the medicines derived from them. In writing these works, Subhonqulixon paid close attention not only to their content but also to thelanguage in which they were written. He stated, “The physicians ofthe past left behind works written in Arabic and Persian; I have not come across any medical book written in Turkish (Uzbek). The local population cannot utilize books written in Arabic and Persian. Therefore, I wrotemy books in Turkish (Uzbek) sothat our peoplecould benefit from them.” This clearly demonstrates that Subhonqulixon’s medical works were significant not only for their scientific value but also for being written in a language that was understandable to the people of thattime, marking amajorstep in thedevelopment ofmedical literatureintheTurkish language. In his book “The Ashtarkhanoid Rulers of the Bukhara Khanate”, Akbar Zamonov provides information about Subhonqulixon’s practical methods for treating people. Specifically, he mentions a decree issued by Subhonqulixon to prevent summer dysentery: "Subhonqulixon issued a decree that, in all areas of the khanate, bakers were to sprinkle sesame seeds on the surface of bread during the summer season. This measure significantly reduced the incidence of summer dysentery, as sesame has the property ofstopping diarrhea and is aromatic. This practice, 1ATurkicMedicalTreatisefromIslamicCentralAsia:ACriticalEditionofaSeventeenth-CenturyChagatayWork bySubḥānQulïKhan. Edited,TranslatedandAnnotated byLászlóKÁROLY.Brill’sInner AsianLibrary.