SHABAKHA AS AN ELEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION

Аннотация

Yog‘och о‘ymakorlikning kelib chiqishi, uning rivojlanish dinamikasi, yog‘och о‘ymakorligi bezaklari va ularning о‘ziga xosligi, texnikasi me’morlikda shabaqaning qо‘llanilishi haqida yoritildi. Me’moriy va yog‘och о‘ymakorligini uyg‘unlashtirishdagi bu holatlar keyin ham davom ettirildi. Kalit sо‘zlar: Shabaqa, panjara, me’morlik, ustun, eshik, naqsh, bezak, kitob jovonlari. Grilles are the most common element in the exterior and interior decoration of Tashkent monuments. Barak Khan madrasa, Sheikh Zainiddin, Sheikh Khavandi Tohur mausoleums windows are excellent examples of carved grihirs - pattern art. These buildings were renovated several times in the 19th century, the beginning and the middle of the 20th century, and now they are under state protection1. From time immemorial, the nets perform the function of ventilation, lighting and encirclement of the room, as well as decoration. They were made of wood, granite, stone, marble, and later various metals. In stone, marble and ganch carving, the engraving method was used, on the other hand, in wood carving, bars were made of small wooden elements made without nails and with nails, and in rare cases, the carving form was used. It is known that the general color of the constructed building is solved in a cool gamma, especially on hot days. The blue-blue color in the architectural solution is in competition with the ocher - earth color, which reminds of the rivers and streams that break through the heart of the desert, bringing with it 182 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference the mountain breeze, and gives a person peace and tranquility. Effective use of color in such an architectural solution is a wonderful and unique achievement of the traditions of Central Asian urban planning. That is why the general artistic environment in the cities of Khiva and Bukhara, Samarkand and Tashkent is an architectural composition rich in forms and its coloristic color system. This system gives people a spirit of peace, tranquility and gratitude. It is also worth noting that in the wood carving of Tashkent, as in the architecture of Samarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, building materials were used effectively and efficiently not only as simple materials, but also as decorative elements of the building. The harmonious use of materials such as brick, wood, stone, granite and marble in the constructions of these periods added an irreplaceable charm to every building. These cases of combining architecture and wood carving found their development in the art of the following centuries. The traditions of the architectural solution and the art of architectural decoration, which were formed in the architecture of the Middle Ages and had a clear appearance, were continued in the monuments built in the XVIII-XIX centuries in Tashkent. The doors, windows and fences, sermon pulpits, and other equipment made in accordance with the traditions of the Tashkent school are samples that testify to the high potential of this school. In this regard, the decoration of Ibrahimota's mausoleum in Karasaray, especially the examples of wood carving, are particularly noteworthy. The front of the monument located in the cemetery of the same name is marked with an arched porch. Inside, there are four trenches on four sides - shallow on the west and east walls, and deeper on the north and south. The light comes from the elegant bars above the door and on the west side. Neither inside nor outside the building is decorated with bars. From the door on the west side of the mausoleum, you can go down to the chillakhana through the stairs. The proportions of the mausoleum of Father Ibrahim. and has a unique artistic value with its elegant bars. The architectural solution of the above-mentioned mosques, mausoleums and madrasas and their decoration were in harmony with the styles that prevailed in Central Asia at that time. Here, too, one can see the similarity in the decorative solution of the building with the architectural styles of Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva, and at the same time, individual uniqueness. This feature is seen in the embodiment of simplicity and refinement, and in the ground of these, grandeur and beauty, typical of the practical decorative art of this period. 183 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Valuable information about the origin of wood carving, the dynamics of its development, wood carving decorations and their uniqueness, techniques Rempel L.I. It is covered in the book "Architectural ornament of Uzbekistan". The gradual development of the art of patterning in Uzbekistan is highlighted with clear evidence, and the features of the art of wood carving and the scope of influence on other types of art are defined. The scientist, who thought about the creation and types of geometric and Islamic patterns, described the classification of grids for the first time in art history. This commonality and uniqueness can b