THE SUBJECT, TASK AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY

Аннотация

This article discusses the subject, task and methodological basis of the history of pedagogy. Keywords: history of pedagogy, methodology, task, education. ПРЕДМЕТ, ЗАДАЧА И МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОСНОВА ИСТОРИИ ПЕДАГОГИКИ Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются предмет, задача и методологическая основа истории педагогики. Ключевые слова: история педагогики, методология, задача, образование. All the peoples who lived in the land of Old Turkestan were able to revive and develop their national values due to independence. During the former Soviet regime, the achievements of the Uzbek people in the cultural, educational, social, spiritual, and educational spheres were belittled, and the idea that education and culture developed mainly in the West and later influenced the East was instilled. The merit of our independence is that the distortion of history has been put to an end. Our scientists have proven that the educational and cultural views of the peoples who lived in the land of Turan are higher than in the most ancient times. The peoples of Central Asia, which have a long and rich history, have created and improved their great heritage of education, educating hundreds of generations of humanity in the spirit of universal human qualities such as humanity, science, kindness, hard work, friendship, generosity, and the roots of the enlightening ideas created by our people go back to ancient times. The Uzbek people have historically created their own unique philosophy in the field of education. Even during the period when Zoroastrianism was widespread in the lands where the current Uzbek people live, pedagogical ideology prevailed. This is reflected in some pages of the sacred book of the Zoroastrian religion, the Avesta, that have survived to us. However, the possibility of covering the history of education, science and culture of the pre-Islamic period is limited. Because, due to the looting and destruction carried out first by the Greek-Macedonian troops led by Alexander the Great, and then by the Arab conquerors led by Qutayba ibn Muslim, 7 15 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ almost all works and sources of that period were lost. However, the scientific study, thorough analysis and application of Islamic and post-Islamic pedagogical views, national educational traditions, values, and folk pedagogy is an important and urgent problem of today. Until we achieved independence, we based our educational work on European pedagogy and studied it. The current task is to focus on studying Eastern pedagogy and the most advanced traditions of Western pedagogy. Because science first developed in the East. The great German scientist Herler was right when he said: “The East is the teacher of Europe.” The above ideas alone can serve as a basis for saying that culture and enlightenment spread from the East to Europe. Because the emergence of literacy schools and ancient writings in the oldest sources indicates that the "Avesto", Sogdian, Bactrian, Urhun-Yenisei, Khorezm and other writings appeared on the land of Turon, and that the most ancient ancestors of the peoples living on this sacred land were literate people. Indeed, the cultural heritage of the Uzbek people is a vast sea. There are such great forgotten discoveries in our past that our first task is to study them thoroughly and comprehensively. This requires bringing to the surface the valuable sources of our ancient rich educational heritage, our priceless treasure, and introducing it into the consumption of modern scientific and pedagogical thought. During the 7th-12th centuries, culture and science in Central Asia developed incomparably. In particular, interest in the exact sciences began to grow. In that historical period, such encyclopedic scholars as al-Khwarizmi, al-Farabi, al-Farghani, al-Beruni, Ibn Sina, az- Zamakhshari were born. Great thinkers played a key role in enriching the spiritual and intellectual world of man, in cultivating human consciousness, cultural and educational views, and created an unparalleled doctrine of human perfection. By the 15th - 16th centuries, ancient Turkestan brought to the world such scholars as Qazizoda Rumi, Ulugbek, Ali Kushchi, Alisher Navoi, Kamoliddin Behzod, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur. At that time, a number of cultural and scientific centers emerged in the cities of Central Asia. Thus, the peoples of Central Asia, in particular the Uzbek people, and their cultural and educational development have developed to an unprecedented extent over the centuries. In addition, his views on morality and pedagogy acquired a meaning and content that could be exemplary for the whole world. After the October Revolution, that is, starting in 1917, Soviet power began to be established in the Turkestan region “at lightning speed”. This system promoted and incited communist ideology. In the early years of Soviet power, the tasks of opening new schools