LEGAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF GREEN ECONOMY

Аннотация

This thesis explores the concept of the green economy as a pivotal approach to achieving sustainable development, emphasizing the integration of environmental health, social equity, and economic prosperity. It highlights the transformative shift in economic practices towards resource efficiency, renewable energy, and biodiversity conservation, as defined by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The discourse underscores the importance of international treaties, such as the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), in fostering cooperation among nations to address global environmental challenges like climate change and biodiversity loss. Keywords: green economy, biodiversity, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the Paris Agreement, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The concept of green economy emerged as a fundamental picture in the pursuit of sustainable development, characterized by economic practices that promote environmental health, social equity, and economic prosperity. It underlines a transformative change in the way the economies operate, give priority to the efficiency of resources, renewable energy, and conservation of biodiversity to ensure that natural capital continues to support human well- being. As defined by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), a green economy is that which translates into an improvement in human well-being and social equity, significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcity. This concept is particularly salient in the context of sustainable development objectives (SDG), which try to face pressing global challenges such as poverty, inequality, and climate change. The academic discourse that surrounds the green economy places that an effective implementation of its principles can significantly mitigate the effects of environmental degradation. Adamowicz (2022) underlines the interconnection of the European green and OSS agreement, underlining that both framework coexist to promote sustainability at the local, national, and international level. According to Adamowicz, partnerships and cooperative efforts between nations 9 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference are essential to exploit resources, share knowledge, and implement the best practices. This collaborative approach is particularly crucial in facing global environmental issues that transcend national borders, such as climate change and loss of biodiversity. International treaties play a vital role in facilitating cooperation between nations in the sphere of the green economy. These treaties can take on various forms, including binding agreements, which impose legal obligations for signatories and non-binding agreements, which act as framework for commitments or voluntary guidelines. Both types of agreements are fundamental in promoting sustainable ecological practices through different jurisdictions. Binding treaties often force nations to adhere to specific objectives and objectives, while non-binding agreements can catalyze a sense of collective responsibility and establish rules that nations strive to support. The Paris Agreement acts as an example of a prominent of a binding international treatise aimed at fighting climate change through greater international cooperation. Operating since 2016, it has engaged its signatories to pursue efforts to limit global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre- industrial levels. By establishing a framework for voluntary national contributions, the Paris Agreement encourages countries to set their climatic objectives, subjecting them to periodic review measures and responsibilities intended to increase ambition over time. This iterative process reflects the recognition of the treaty of the need for flexibility in facing the nature of an evolution of climatic challenges, a characteristic highlighted by Mitchell et al. (2020), which analyzes the dynamics of international environmental agreements and their pragmatic implications for global collaboration. Another fundamental treaty, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in 1992, exemplifies the principles of non-binding agreements in promoting compulsory obligations for the nations participating in formulating national biodiversity strategies. The CBD aims to preserve biodiversity, promote the sustainable use of its components and guarantee the fair sharing of benefits deriving from genetic resources. While providing a framework for nations to engage in conservation actions, its effectiveness is strongly based on the political will of governments and civil society to give priority to biodiversity in their respective socio-economic contexts. The development and implementation of international treaties on the green economy are fundamental to promote cooperation between nations and face global environmental challenges. By navigating the complexities of binding and 10 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODE