BIONICS IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

Аннотация

Man has appeared on earth and has always been in close contact with nature. Every person lives on the earth, works, conducts economic activities, and uses the material resources of nature from the moment he comes into the world and begins to breathe. During this time, it has its influence on nature. As a result of human work, various wastes are released into the environment. Part of the waste affects the atmosphere, the other affects the water, earth, flora and fauna, and accumulates over time. It is now fully confirmed that their gradual accumulation over the years causes various problems, sometimes very dangerous problems for human life. The main content of the article is to review and study environmental problems caused by man- made effects, proper use of nature in the course of human activity, and measures to eliminate environmental problems. Key words: Ecology, environmental problems, natural and man-made factors, global and regional environmental problems. The phrase "global environmental problems" is familiar to everyone, but we do not always notice how serious a semantic load it carries. Global means worldwide, total, covering the entire planet. That is, the problems under consideration are directly related to each of us, and it is difficult to imagine their consequences. Man has appeared on earth and has always been in close contact with nature. Every person lives on the earth, works, conducts economic activities, and uses the material resources of nature from the moment he comes into the world and begins to breathe. During this time, it has its influence on nature. As a result of human work, various wastes are released into the environment. Part of the waste affects the atmosphere, the other affects the water, earth, flora and fauna, and accumulates over time. It is now fully confirmed that their gradual accumulation over the years causes various problems, sometimes very dangerous problems for human life. During the last hundred years, the biosphere has undergone such changes as a result of human production activities that they have been compared to natural disasters in terms of scale. Causes irreversible changes in ecological systems and components of the biosphere. Environmental problems, the solution of which is related to the elimination of the negative impact of human activity on the scale of the biosphere, are called global 390 XXI ASRDA INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALAR, FAN VA TA'LIM TARAQQIYOTIDAGI DOLZARB MUAMMOLAR XXI ASRDA INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALAR, FAN VA TA'LIM TARAQQIYOTIDAGI DOLZARB MUAMMOLAR Volume 03, Issue 01, 2025 environmental problems. To date, the most urgent global environmental problems are: the growth of the earth's population, the strengthening of the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, the pollution of the oceans, the reduction of the area of tropical forests, the desertification of fertile lands, and the pollution of clean water. Factors of impact of technical tools and technological processes created and used by man on buildings, on man, and thus on nature are man-made factors. Factors that do not involve the human factor, but have a negative impact on the environment, which occur naturally in nature, are considered natural ecological factors. The problems of ecology, overpopulation and backwardness are directly related to the threat of food shortages that may occur in the near future. Even now, in some countries, due to rapid population growth, insufficient development of agriculture and industry, the problem of shortage of food and the most necessary goods is occurring. However, the possibilities for increasing agricultural productivity are not limitless. After all, the increase in the use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, etc. leads to a deterioration of the ecological situation and an increase in the concentration of substances harmful to humans in food products. On the other hand, the development of cities and technology is putting a lot of fertile land out of circulation. The earth's soil cover is the most important component of the earth's biosphere. It is the earth's crust that determines many processes that occur in the biosphere. The most important importance of soils is the accumulation of organic matter, various chemical elements, as well as energy. The soil cover acts as a biological absorber, removes and neutralizes various pollutants. If this link of the biosphere is destroyed, the existing functioning of the biosphere will be irreversibly disrupted. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the global biochemical importance of soil cover, its current state and changes under the influence of anthropogenic activity. Man has been polluting the atmosphere for thousands of years, only in the last hundred years the development of industry "gifted" us such production processes, the consequences of which people could not imagine at first. Millions of cities have sprung up, their growth cannot be stopped. All this is the result of great human