THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PREVENTIVE CARE IN PEDIATRICS

Аннотация

The article highlights the priority areas of preventive pediatrics related to the formation of the health of the younger generation, the organization of medical care for children, and the reduction of morbidity, disability and mortality. The importance of vaccination in the control of the most widespread infections was noted, and the need to create a system for providingcomprehensive rehabilitation care to disabled children was substantiated. Kеywоrds:prevention, morbidity, mortality, disability, orphan diseases, vaccination, rehabilitation, health care for children and adolescents. INTRОDUСTIОN Prevention has always been a priority in domestic medicine. The words of the scientist and surgeon N. I. Pirogov, “the future belongs to preventive medicine”, perhaps, like in no other section of clinical medicine, have received a real embodiment in pediatrics, in the system of protecting thehealth of motherand child. MАTЕRIАLSАND MЕTHОDS In the first decade of the XXI century. The most significant from the point of view of further development of preventive pediatrics were: a) implementation of the priority national project “Health”; b) the allocation of significant funds for the modernization of health care; c) a decision to allocate at least 25% of the health care budget for children's health care; d) creation of children's health centers; e) creation of a research institute for preventive pediatrics and rehabilitation treatment as part oftheScientific Centerfor Children's Health. RЕSULTSАNDDISСUSSIОN Let us briefly name the most priority, modern challenges for preventive and social pediatrics, subdividingthem intoexternal (social) and intrasystemic (health care). External (social) challenges [2]: • poverty of a significant part of the population, which affects the health of children from families ofthiscontingent and theavailability ofmedical care; • up to 20% of the total child population is a contingent of children in difficult life situations (trueand social orphans, homeless children, thedisabled, children subjected to violence, etc.); • a change in moral paradigms and, as a result, an increase in the use of psychoactive substances, theprevalence ofsexuallytransmitted infections, etc.; • low level of somatic and reproductive health of parents and related problems (increase in the number of children with extremely low birth weight, with congenital malformations and hereditary diseases); • reproductive attitude towards a small family (currently, the total birth rate 8 the weight of deaths in the first month oflife began to dominate quota does not exceed 1.6), increase in age in the structure of infant mortality. However, the introduction of organizational, diagnostic and therapeutic technologies aimed at saving the lives of the fetus and newborn was unacceptably late. Only at the end of the 1980s, when Academician E.I. Chazov headed the Ministry of Health of the USSR, and one of the authors of this article headed the maternal and child health service, did a vigorous organization of perinatal and neonatal services begin, and the implementation of regional programs to reduce infant mortality. page240 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai These efforts have produced remarkable results. At the end of the 20th century, against the backdrop of a drastic deterioration in most indicators of the health of the population, infant mortality not only maintained the status quo, but also showed a downward trend. This was the only indicator in the health care system that had a consistently positive trend, of course, due to thepreventive focus ofmaternal and child health care. In the crisis of the 90s. The most important events in the field of preventive pediatrics were the presidential program “Children of Russia”, which provides for the implementation of 12 federal programs in themost relevantareas ofmaternal and child care [3]: “Orphans”, “Children with disabilities”, “Prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency”, "Safe Motherhood", "Healthy Child", etc., as well as accession to the International Convention on the Rights oftheChild. In the first decade of the XXI century. The most significant from the point of view of further development of preventive pediatrics were: a) implementation of the priority national project “Health”; b) the allocation of significant funds for the modernization of health care; c) a decision to allocate at least 25% of the health care budget for children's health care; d) creation of children's health centers; e) creation of a research institute for preventive pediatrics and rehabilitation treatment as part oftheScientific Centerfor Children's Health. Over the past two decades, our country has experienced a period of fundamental changes in the socio-politicalentry into marriage, postponingthe birthof achild toan older age; •decreasein th