THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

Nature conservation is a set of measures aimed at rational use of the nature and its resources surrounding us, conscious transformation in the interests of man, preservation and further enrichment of natural resources and nature in general, its beauty. Since the emergence of human society, it has been using natural resources for various purposes. As a result, there is a significant decrease in the number of flora and fauna, and even the threat of extinction of some species. This requires appropriate protection of nature to this day. The article discusses the important role of reserves, special reserves, biosphere reserves, national parks, nurseries, and natural monuments in protecting natural resources and the diversity of flora and fauna in our country, and theirrole in solving themost urgent problems of ourtime, such as protecting unique and endangered flora and fauna, preserving and multiplying those that are under threat of extinction. Keywords:biodiversity, white and black saxaul, species of rattlesnakes, climate, fauna, flora, ephemeral, ephemeroids, gazelle, breeding rooms. Introduction in order to ensure the implementation of the tasks of expanding the area of ​ ​ protected natural areas in the “Strategy for the Conservation of Biological Diversity in the Republicof Uzbekistan for 2019-2028”, approved bythe Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-6155 dated February 3, 2021 and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 484 dated June 11, 2019, a lot of work was carried out in 2021. By Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 58 dated February 8, 2021, the “Sudoche-Akpetki” state reserve with an area of ​ ​ ​ ​ 280,507 hectares was established in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. By Resolution No. 282 of the Cabinet of Ministers of May 5, 2021, the Regulations on protected zones of the Zamin, Nurota, Kyzylkum and Surkhan state reserves and protected natural areas were approved. Based on the model regulations, regulations on protected zones of 6 protected natural areas were developed and approved. Also, by the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to establish protected natural areas within the system of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Ecology and Environmental Protection” dated February 16, 2022 No. PQ-131, the “Central Kyzylkum” National Nature Park with a total area of ​ ​ 1,200,000 hectares in the Uchkuduk district of Navoi region; and the “Aqtog-Tomdi” State Reserve with a total area of ​ ​ 40,000 hectares in the Tomdi district were established in the form of a state nature protection institution. In connection with the establishment of these protected natural areas, work was carried out to increase the total area of ​ ​ protected natural areas to 11.2% of the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In order to preserve endangered animal and plant species, establish ecological stability, and increase the number of rare and endangered species, various measures are being taken in our country to expand specially protected areas and bring them understate protection. page72 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai The territories of the established "Central Kyzylkum" National Nature Park and the "Aqtog-Tomdi" State Reserve are very important and have rich biodiversity. The National Nature Park and the State Reserve protect the unique natural complexes and objects of the Kyzylkum Desert, as well as rare animals and birds that are under threat of extinction, as well as plant species and landscapes in these areas. As a result of the establishment of the National Nature Park and the State Reserve, natural complexes and objects in the central part of the Kyzylkum Desert, including more than 30 species of rare animals and more than 10 species of plants included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan, will be territorially protected. It should be noted that almost 80 percent of the population of a rare animal species - the gazelle in theKyzylkum Desert -lives in theseprotected natural areas. Climate. The climatic characteristics of the Central Kyzylkum National Park change from north to south. The climate of the northern part is mainly formed under the influence of the Central Asian anticyclone and cyclones coming from the west, while the climate of the southern part is influenced by tropical air masses. Therefore, the winters of this region are cold and long, with an average January temperature of -4-10° in the north and -1-2° in the south. The total amount of rain and snow that falls in the Central Kyzylkum is 21.4-34.7%, of which 3-5 mm precipitation accounts for 12.7-23.7%, 5-10 mm precipitation accounts for 8.5-14.5%, and 20 mm precipitation accounts for 2%. The maximum amount of main precipitation (3-5mm) occurs on average 3-15 times per year, and precipitati