DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

Аннотация

This article explores demographic problems, which have become one of the global issues, highlighting how the continuous growth and development of humanity lead to new obstacles to survival and their consequences. The discussion is based on the laws of life processes, presenting evolutionary efforts and struggles that humans have undertaken over the years. Empirical sources are also provided to support theanalysis. Keywords:Demography, hygiene, history, global, problem, resource, human, logic, quantity, quality Population refers to the total number of people residing on Earth or within a specific region, continent, country, district, or city. The study of population is conducted by a specialized science called Demography. The processes occurring within a population are the result of biological, geographical, and socio-economic factors. However, socio-economic factors have a decisiveinfluence onpopulation development. Population issues are linked to human biological characteristics, interactions with the environment, and socio-economic progress. This is because the working-age population constitutes the main productive force of society. The scientific and systematic study of populations began in the Middle Ages. Accurate population accounting was established in Europe and America in the 19th century, while in other regions, it was introduced in the early 20thcentury. In Uzbekistan, statistical data on the population has been available since the second half of the 19th century. The study of demographic issues in the country saw significant growth between the 1960s and 1970s. The main indicators representing a population include reproduction rates (birth rate, death rate, marriage, divorce, and natural growth), distribution, urbanization, migration, age and gender composition, family status, education level, and racial, linguistic, ethnic, and religious composition.The socio-economic structure of the population is reflected in indicators such as employment, economic activity, professions, and other related factors. The world population size is closely linked to its natural movement and migration. In some countries, regions, and cities, population growth depends not only on natural increase rates but also on migration processes. The growth rate and size of the global population vary across different countries, influenced by each nation’s socio-economic structure. In addition to natural increase, migration also affects the population size of certain countries, regions, and cities. The global population and its growth rate have generally been increasing continuously. However, in specific places and during certain periods, factors such as wars, epidemics, and natural disasters havetemporarily slowed population growth oreven caused a declineinabsolutenumbers. page63 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai The growth rate of the population is influenced by relatively high birth rates and low death rates. In 1995, the global birth rate (the number of births per 1,000 people) was 24.0‰, whiletheglobal death rate(the numberofdeaths per 1,000people) was 9‰. That same year, the birth rate in African countries was 41‰, while thedeath rate was 8‰ inAsia and 11‰in Europe. The steady increase in the world population is also linked to life expectancy. In 1995, the average lifeexpectancy was: 74years inEurope 65years inAsia 75years inNorth America 68years inSouth America 54years inAfrica 73years inAustralia andOceania Countrieswith thehighest life expectancy included: Japan (79 years) Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, and France (78 years) Greece, theNetherlands, Spain, Italy, Israel, and Belgium (77 years) TheUnited Kingdom, Germany, and theUnited States (76 years) The rapid growth of the global population continues to have a profound impact on our planet. With the world population expected to reach 10.3 billion this century, understanding the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to overpopulation is more critical than ever. This blog explores the key drivers of population growth, the challenges it presents, and strategies that could helpreverse thistrend. The world’s population is still growing, driven by several factors. One of the primary contributors is the high birth rate in the Global South. In one out of every ten countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, women have an average of four or more children. According to United Nations projections, future population growth will largely result from demographic momentum, where past high birth rates lead to a rapidly expanding population in the coming decades. This type ofpopulation growth isalready "baked in" dueto past high birth rates. Simply put, there are currently more people of reproductive age than ever before. Even if birth rates are low today, the large number of people capable of having chil