Historical Formation of The Samarkand School of Epistle-Writing and The Place of Bakhshi Performance Traditions

Аннотация

This article analyzes the historical formation of the Samarkand school of epic poetry, its main features and traditions of Bakhshi performance. The place of epic poetry in folk oral culture, the repertoire and performance styles of Samarkand Bakhshi are studied from a scientific and theoretical point of view. The article also highlights the importance of the Samarkand school of epic poetry as a cultural heritage, its current state and the issues of passing it on to future generations. This study serves to enrich scientific views on the preservation and development of traditional Bakhshi art. Keywords: Samarkand school of epic poetry, bakhshi performance, folk oral art, epic art, repertoire, performing traditions, cultural heritage, traditional art, bakhshi style, history of epic poetry. the urgent issues of preserving and passing on this Introduction: Uzbek folk oral art has a long history, and cultural heritage to future generations. the art of epic poetry occupies a special place in its structure. Epic poetry plays an important role in Folk oral art plays a great role in the improvement of preserving the cultural and spiritual heritage of our the lifestyle of our people, and over the centuries it has people and passing it on to future generations. Uzbek accumulated a rich spiritual heritage, making a worthy epic poetry traditions have regional characteristics, and contribution to the education of the younger the Khorezm, Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya and generation. Epics, an important area of folk oral art, Samarkand epic poetry schools are distinguished by have very deep historical roots, have been created for their unique performing style and forms of expression. centuries and sung in various socio-economic conditions. The first epics appeared in Greece, where The Samarkand epic poetry school is distinguished by they sang about the courage of legendary heroes and its rich history, unique performing style and the miracles of the gods. Homer's "Iliad", "Odyssey", accomplished bakhshis. The art of epic poetry has been Abulkasim Firdawsi's "Shahnama", Dante Alighieri's formed in this region for centuries, and it is of great "Divine Comedy" (written between 1307 and 1321, importance not only as an example of folk oral art, but published in 1472 and consisting of three parts: the first also as a means of understanding national identity, is "Hell", the second is "Purgatory", also called "A'rof", preserving historical memory, and as an educational which is the interval between hell and heaven, tool. Epic poems performed by Samarkand bakhshis knowledge and goodness, and the third is "Heaven") reflect the historical and cultural life, traditions, and are ancient examples of the epic genre. Epics, according hopes of the people. to their essence, are divided into heroic ("Alpomish", This article studies the history of the formation of the "Farhod and Shirin"), adventure detective ("Sab'ai Samarkand school of epic poetry, its outstanding sayyor"), romantic-romantic ("Tohir and Zuhra", "Leyli representatives, performing traditions, and genre and Majnun"), war epic ("Yusuf and Ahmad", "Saddi features from a scientific and theoretical point of view. Iskandari"), historical-memoir ("Shaybaniynoma", It also analyzes the specific features of bakhshi "Jizzakh uprising"), philosophical ("Khayrat ul-abror"), performance, the traditional epic repertoire, and its fantastic-allegorical ("Lison uttayr"), didactic ("Kutadgu significance today. At the same time, it also highlights International Journal of Pedagogics 59 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) bilig") types. While heroic epics describe the fate of the The center of bakhshi art In Uzbek folklore, in addition people and society, romantic-romantic epics focus on to major epic schools such as Boysun, Bulungur, the adventures of lovers. In historical-memoir or Nurota, Narpay, Kurgan, Khorezm, Shahrisabz, historical-biographical epics, historical figures are Sherabad, Chiroqchi, Qamay, Piskent, Kulbuqon, symbolized and exaggerated. In general, idealization Uzbek-lakai and other such centers are also known. and exaggerated imagery prevail in epics, and they They differ from each other in their repertoire, style, often feature various legends, myths, stories, giants, certain creative principles and methods of fairies, Khizr, dragons, magical horses (Boychibor in performance. Heroic epics reflect the courageous "Alpomish"), and magic. struggle of the people against their own free invaders, one of such heroic epics was the epic "Alpomish". Folk epics are performed by bakhshi, dostonchi, and folk poets to the accompaniment of dutar, dombira, The epic series about the courage of one of the people's and other folk instruments. Although folklore epics and favorite heroes, Goroglu, is widespread among the written literature epics are similar in form and style, Uzbek, Tajik, Kazakh, Turkmen, Karakalpak, Tatar, written lit