Grammatical and Sеmаntic Fеаturеs of Compаrаtivе Phrаsеologicаl Units

Аннотация

This аrticlе is dеdicаtеd to thе compаrаtivе аnаlysis of grаmmаticаl аnd sеmаntic fеаturеs of compаrаtivе phrаsеologicаl units in Еnglish аnd Uzbеk lаnguаgеs. Thе study еxаminеs compаrаtivе phrаsеologicаl structurеs bаsеd on syntаctic modеls, sеmаntic аspеcts, аnd thеir linguistic аnd culturаl foundаtions. Thе composition of compаrаtivе phrаsеologicаl units аnd thеir uniquе compаrаtivе forms in Uzbеk аnd Еnglish аrе еxplorеd. Thе study аnаlyzеs thе usе of аdjеctivе аnd noun componеnts in compаrаtivе idioms, highlighting thеir grаmmаticаl аnd sеmаntic diffеrеncеs. Thе еquivаlеnts of compаrаtivе phrаsеologicаl units in Uzbеk аnd Еnglish аrе аnаlyzеd. Аdditionаlly, thе stylistic аnd prаgmаtic аspеcts of thеsе еxprеssions аrе еxаminеd. Thе findings contributе to dеtеrmining thе rolе of compаrаtivе phrаsеologicаl units in linguistics. Thе rеsults obtаinеd аrе significаnt for trаnslаtion аnd lаnguаgе tеаching. Thе similаritiеs аnd diffеrеncеs of compаrаtivе phrаsеologicаl units in Uzbеk аnd Еnglish аrе еvаluаtеd bаsеd on stаtisticаl dаtа. Keywords: Compаrаtivе phrаsеologisms, compаrаtivе аnаlysis, grаmmаticаl fеаturеs, sеmаntic fеаturеs, compаrаtivе units, linguoculturology, аdjеctivаl phrаsеs, phrаsеologicаl units. Introduction: Analogy, considered one of the In linguistics, comparison is generally classified into two important methods of inference in the field of logic, is types based on its purpose. If two objects or concepts based on similarities between objects. Through this are compared to highlight their differences, a pure method, it is hypothesized that if a certain comparative construction is formed (e.g., the ground is characteristic exists in one object, a similar harder than stone). However, if the comparison aims to characteristic may also be present in another express similarity, a simile construction is formed (e.g., comparable object. However, this is not the only the ground is as hard as stone).[5] method of cognition. In studying and understanding LITERATURE REVIEW the world, humans actively use methods such as Regarding the comparator and the compared element, comparison and contrast. F. Čermák states the following: an adjectival Comparison serves to identify the similarities and comparison is a firmly established phraseological unit, differences between objects, thereby enriching our such as blind as a bat. In this structure, the main knowledge of the world. This process is also carried out component is an adjective, which is combined with the through language. In language, comparison manifests conjunction (as) and a noun (a bat). Typologically, this in various constructions, particularly in comparative is considered an explicit type of comparison, as the and simile structures. Regarding this, N. Mahmudov tertium comparationis is explicitly expressed. [3] This states the following: comparison allows for the easier contrasts with implicit comparisons (verb-based), recognition of an unknown characteristic through a where the tertium is only indirectly understood known one. For example, if the hardness of a stone is a through the comparison element itself, e.g., look like a known characteristic, then the same characteristic in clown (meaning mаsxаrаbozgа o‘xshаmoq). other objects can be easily perceived either by According to E. Yaroslov, the standard structure of comparison with a stone (harder than stone) or by comparative adjectives is as follows: likening it to a stone (as hard as stone). Comparandum (Kd) – the entity or person being International Journal Of Literature And Languages 35 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834) compared adjectival phraseological units based on comparison typically include words indicating similarity, such as Tertium Comparationis (TC) – the primary common “kаbi”, “dеk”, “dаy”, “singаri”, and “o‘xshаsh”. These characteristic elements are essential in defining the boundaries of Comparatum (Kt) – the reference object serving as a their meanings. standard for comparison The term “comparativity” originates from the Latin For example: John (Kd) is blind (TC) as a bat (Kt). comparativus, meaning comparison. In linguistics, this Within this structure, the main adjective (TC) concept refers to the comparison of two or more represents the shared characteristic between the linguistic units, phenomena, or concepts. The term comparandum and the comparatum. This comparative phraseological units have traditionally characteristic typically reflects a prototypical feature been classified as a distinct category in phraseology, but can sometimes involve unconventional and its structural composition, semantics, and syntactic associations, such as deaf as a post (butunlаy kаr). role are widely discussed in numerous works on English In comparison, the adjective is linked with a noun (Kt), phraseology. which consistently represents a characteristic in a fixed The nature of comparativity is two fold: manner. Additio