Mechanical composition and properties of irrigated soils of syrdarya region

Аннотация

The article presents the main soil types in the region and their distribution by mechanical composition. It also presents methods for determining the mechanical composition of the region's soils and the results of the analysis of the mechanical composition of the soil by fractionation. Keywords: Soil, mechanical composition, gray-meadow, meadow, salinity level, fraction, section, light loam, medium loam. Introduction: The Resolution of the President of the The irrigated meadow soils of Bukhara region are rich Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-71 dated February 13, in humus (1.1-1.45%) and nitrogen (0.08-0.12%) and as 2024 "On Additional Measures to Combat Agricultural a result of agro-irrigation runoff penetrating deep into Land Degradation, Support Increasing the Humus the mud, an agro-irrigation layer is formed, the amount Content and Productivity of Soils" establishes the of humus is more, and according to the mechanical procedures for allocating subsidies from the State composition, the soil is heavy loam and medium loam Budget in order to prevent the negative impact of [2.10.11]. climate change in the Republic, reduce the degradation The mechanical composition of soils has different of agricultural lands, and increase crop productivity and effects on its physical, water-physical, physico- soil productivity by increasing the humus content in the chemical, physico-mechanical, agrochemical, and soil. biological properties. The ability of soils to hold water, Today, in our republic, with special attention to the its ability to rise through capillary tubes, and its ability rational and effective use of land and water resources, to conduct water (filtration) are related to their research and assessment of the effect of physical, mechanical composition. The mechanical composition chemical and biological properties of soil on its determines the quantitative criteria and balances of productivity is considered one of the main tasks. moisture, heat, nutrition regimes, humus and nutrients American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 9 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) vitally necessary for plants [1.12.13.14.]. composition, the soils are mainly light and medium loam. These soils are transitional (intermediate) soils In the grassland soils located in the Mirzachul region, from gray soils to grassland soils. Depending on the the amount of physical clay particles (<0.01 mm) varies degree of salinity, the soils are of different degrees of within a very wide range across layers, from 8.2-15.9% salinity, among which there are weak, medium and to 63.4-66.5%. Among mechanical elements, large dust strong salinity types. particles (0.05-0.01 mm) occupy the main place, fine particles (<0.001 mm) make up 4.2-10.8% [4.5.6.7.15]. The mechanical composition of the soils of the Syrdarya region varies depending on the location: Freshly irrigated non-soaked and weakly soaked meadow-gray soils have different mechanical Sandy loam and light loamy soils – often found near composition and are mainly composed of heavy and rivers. They dry out quickly and do not retain moisture light loam. well. Freshly irrigated non-soaked and weakly soaked • Medium and heavy gley irrigated soils – suitable for meadow-gray soils have different mechanical livestock and agriculture. These soils require good composition, consisting mainly of heavy and light tillage. sands, the amount of physical clay particles (<0.01 mm) • Clay soils – they retain moisture well, but can become varies from 21.4-25.5% in light sands, 48.1-53.0% in waterlogged if the irrigation system is not well heavy sands, and 61.8-78.5% in clays , among the established. mechanical elements, large dust particles (0.05-0.01 The physical and mechanical properties of soil depend mm) prevail, the amount of dust particles, excluding not only on its mechanical and structural composition some horizons, is from 6.2-7.5% to 18.5-20.7% [8.9]. and moisture content, but also on many chemical In order to improve the agrophysical properties of the properties, the fine-dispersed fraction of the soil, and soil under the conditions of different levels of salinity, the composition of cations. The main goal of studying it was observed that the improvement of the the mechanical composition of soil is to determine the agrophysical properties of the soil was observed when amount of mechanical elements of various sizes and to cotton was planted for one year in a short rotation develop a classification of its mechanical composition. rotation, and then mash for grain + mash for siderate + In sandy and sandy loam soils, which contain a large 20 t/ha of manure + winter wheat were planted before amount of sand particles, the particles do not stick to winter wheat [3]. each other and are scattered. Therefore, water moves The state of soil reclamation and its productivity very quickly from top to bottom through this type