THE SPREAD OF AIRBORNE INFECTIONS, IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THEIR ETIOPATHOGENESIS

Аннотация

Epidemics of acute respiratory diseases are not uncommon in human history, and in the last century, masks have been widely used to protect against pathogens of such infections. Often, workers and patients of healthcare institutions need such protection. A medical mask is a medical product that is a bandage on the face, covering a person's mouth and nose. At the moment, with the global spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), unfortunately not all people are ready to wear a mask regularly. The reasons for this may be different. But the position of the medical worker in this matter is often decisive: it is his example, as well as health education work can have a positive impact on the implementation of measures recommended by Rospotreptozzar as rules for preventing coronary infection [1, 2]. To identify the attitude of medical professionals towards the use of masks as a means of preventing the spread of respiratory infections, was compiled questionnaire. The purpose of the survey: to identify how loyal doctors are to wearing masks and how they assess their effectiveness. The questionnaire was composed of 10 questions, mostly closed form, with objective component related to age, gender, health education of respondents. We interviewed 61 people who have or are currently receiving medical education. Of these, 40 respondents - aged between 18 and 25 (medical college students) and 21 people aged 30 or older (average medical staff of treatment and prevention organizations), 82% of the respondents are women, 18% - men. Keywords: respiratory diseases, COVID-19, mask, immunoresistance, «immunological memory». РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ВОЗДУШНО-КАПЕЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ, ВАЖНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ ИХ ЭТИОПАТОГЕНЕЗА Аннотация. Эпидемии острых респираторных заболеваний не являются редкостью в истории человечества, и в последнее столетие маски широко использовались для защиты от возбудителей таких инфекций. Зачастую в такой защите нуждаются работники и пациенты учреждений здравоохранения. Медицинская маска — это медицинское изделие, представляющее собой повязку на лицо, закрывающую рот и нос человека. На данный момент, с глобальным распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), к сожалению, не все люди готовы носить маску регулярно. Причины этого могут быть разными. Но позиция медицинского работника в этом 668 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 3 вопросе зачастую оказывается решающей: именно его пример, а также санитарно- просветительская работа могут оказать положительное влияние на реализацию мер, рекомендуемых Роспотребнадзором в качестве правил профилактики коронарной инфекции [1, 2]. Для выявления отношения медицинских работников к использованию масок как средства профилактики распространения респираторных инфекций была составлена анкета. Цель исследования: выявить, насколько врачи лояльны к ношению масок и как они оценивают их эффективность. Анкета состояла из 10 вопросов, в основном закрытой формы, с объективной составляющей, связанной с возрастом, полом, образованием респондентов. Было опрошено 61 человек, имеющих или получающих медицинское образование. Из них 40 респондентов - в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет (студенты медицинских колледжей) и 21 человек в возрасте 30 лет и старше (средний медицинский персонал лечебно-профилактических организаций), 82% респондентов - женщины, 18% - мужчины. Ключевые слова: респираторные заболевания, COVID-19, маска, иммунорезистентность, «иммунологическая память». Neither the first nor the second group showed a complete confidence in the effectiveness of protection against respiratory infections when wearing a mask. Thus, approximately the same number of respondents from both groups believe that the mask «can fully protect against infection by viruses and bacteria» - 10% in 1 group and 9.5% in the second. However, the majority of respondents - 75% in the first group and 85.7% in the second group - believe that the mask «helps, but not always». From this survey, it can be concluded that respondents are aware that the usual personal protection measure - a mask - may not completely prevent viruses from entering the human respiratory tract, but can protect against entry of the infection of a person with high concentration aerosol causative. Thus, the mask is able to significantly reduce the dose of the pathogen in inhaled air - as a result, the development of infection will either not occur (insufficient for infection dose), or may flow easier. Respondents working in health care organizations are more responsible for the use of masks. Students, unfortunately, are not fully prepared to comply with the recommended rules on wearing masks. In connection with the results obtained, we have developed recommendations on the basic rules of application of the mask. This recommendation included information on wearing a mask during an epidemic in public places, as well as the timing of replacement of disposable masks every 2 hours or as they become wet or contaminated. 669 ResearchBib IF