COURSE OF NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY BASED ON THE THEORY OF FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS

Аннотация

In the course of normal physiology, students, along with the physiology of individual organs, learn about self-regulating functional systems that determine homeostasis, behavior and mental activity of a person. The theory of functional systems guides students to understand the mechanisms of stability of physiological indicators under various influences on the human body and, in essence, is the theoretical basis of health care, which is no less important than the clinical training ofstudents. Kеywоrds: Theory of functional systems, course of normal physiology, functional systems of thebody. INTRОDUСTIОN The entry of Russian universities into the world space is associated with the high quality of education and the level of preparation of students for professional activities. The main requirement for the readiness of graduates of higher educational institutions is the ability to apply the knowledge obtained at the university for their further professional practical activities. At the same time, the leading link in high-quality education is the training of such specialists who are able to meet the needs of citizens, society and the state, which is the result of the educational process. MАTЕRIАLS АNDMЕTHОDS Physiology is the science of life activity. It builds knowledge about the dynamics of the functions of living organisms primarily on the basis of structural and morphological data. Traditionally, morphologists study the structure of individual organs and tissues. As an inevitable consequence of this, organ physiology developed. Any modern textbooks on the most important fundamental medical and biological disciplines, such as anatomy, histology, physiology, etc., are built on the organ principle. Commonly recommended textbooks on physiology traditionally present the following sections: physiology of the cell, special tissues, heart, lungs, kidneys, stomach, spinal cord, brain, etc. The general mechanisms linking the activity of organs in the whole organism are nervous, humoral and immune regulation. The organ approach is also inherent in the teaching of medical specialties. They separately describe diseases of the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, etc. Doctors are divided into organ specialties. Pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment are directly related to the function of specific organs, and the professional view of the doctor, as a rule, is mainly directed towards the diseased organs. And this, paradoxically, occurs against the background of the fact that the principle of the integrity of the organism was proclaimed as a priority by outstanding figures of Russian medicine S.G. Zybelin, M.Ya. Mudrov, E.O. Mukhin, I.M. Sechenov, I.P. Pavlovand manyothers [1-4]. RЕSULTSАNDDISСUSSIОN It is becoming absolutely clear that the organ principle in biological disciplines cannot be considered optimalfor understanding thevital activity ofthe wholehuman organism. In recent years, the molecular genetic approach has been actively introduced into medical and biological sciences, which, despite its enormous scientific significance, further deepens the 27 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS ISSN:3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293 Volume 10,issue2,March 2025 https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR worldly knowledge Index: googlescholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo,open aire. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X analytical principle of studying vital processes and takes specialists even further away from understanding theintegrative functions ofthewhole organism. A certain advance in the issue of understanding the holistic functions of the organism is taxonomy, i.e. grouping organs according to a specific functional purpose - the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, immune, nervous and other morphofunctional systems of the organism. These systems allow students and specialists to orient themselves in a certain way towards special physiological processes, but at the same time the basic patterns of functioning are not revealed and the questions remain unanswered: what unites these organs into morphofunctional systems and how do they interact with the whole organism? Essentially, the same shortcomings are inherent in the classical systems approach postulated by L. von Bertalanffy and his followers. The theory of functional systems proposed by P.K. Anokhin defined new approaches toconstructing thefunctions of thewholeorganism. First of all, it should be borne in mind that the theory of functional systems differs fundamentally from the widespread systems approach proposed by L. von Bertalanffy, A.A. Malinovsky and their followers. The systems approach proposed by these authors, in the broad sense of the word, considers systems as a set of many phenomena (processes) that, when combined, create a new quality that is di