TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN PRIMARY GRADES

Аннотация

The introduction of this article discusses the year in which the natural sciences textbook was introduced in primary grades, its advantages, convenience, and how it helps students appreciate the beauty of the environment and preserve nature. The shortcomings of the textbooksare alsomentioned, along withsuggestions for addressing thesedeficiencies. Keywords:Natural sciences, didactics, Tashkent University of Applied Sciences, advantages, convenience, The World Around Us, Natural Science, Geography, Biology, Physics, experimentsand practice, observation and analysis. Аннотация:Во введении к данной статье поясняется, с какого года в начальных классах вв еден учебник естествознания,преимущества, удобства преподавания естествознания внача льных классах,показ учащимся красоты окружающей среды и сохранения природы.Включ енынедостаткикниги предложенияпо ихустранению. Ключевые слова: Естественные науки,дидактика,Ташкентскийуниверситет прикладных наук, преимущества, удобства,«Окружающий мир», «Естествознание», «География», «Био логия»,«Физика»,Эксперимент ипрактика,наблюдениеи анализ. The Natural Science (SCIENCE) curriculum was introduced step by step. The first phase was implemented in the 2021/2022 academic year for grades 1-2, followed by its gradual introductionin othergrades. Currently, Natural Science lessons are scheduled as follows: one hour per week for 1st grade, two hours forgrades 2-4, and three hours for grades 5-6, totaling 13hours per week. One of the main advantages of the Natural Science course is the integration of multiple subjects. In other words, rather than overwhelming students with separate subjects, they are taught 5-6 different disciplines within a single course. For example, if we take the topic of wild and domestic animals’ habitats, we see a direct link between nature and zoology, demonstrating the interconnection with biology. Similarly, in the 3rd-grade Natural Science textbook, the topic “Stars and Planets” introduces students to fundamental concepts of “Astronomy” from an early stage. Another convenience is the inclusion of exercise books alongside textbooks. This allows students to reinforce their knowledge through workbook exercises, helping them retain information better. Identified Drawbacks While the textbook content is well-structured, engaging, and visually appealing, one drawback is the issuance of separate books for each quarter instead of a single comprehensive textbook fortheentire academic year. page1420 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Thisapproach has several downsides:  Thecost ofprinting multiplebooks increases.  Teachers mustspend timecollecting books at theend ofeachquarter.  At the beginning of a new quarter, distributing new books takes additional time, which affects lesson quality. Proposed Solution A more efficient approach would be to return to the previous system, where a single textbook covered all four quarters. This change should apply to all elementary- gradetextbooks, ensuring both financial savings and timeefficiency. Teaching Methodology for Natural Sciences At the Tashkent University ofApplied Sciences, the methodology of teaching Natural Sciences is introduced in the second semester of the second year for students specializing in Elementary Education. As part of their studies, students receive essential knowledge onvarious aspects ofNatural Science teaching methodology. These areas includes thefollowing: 1. Learning through Experiments and Practice 2. InteractiveTeaching Methods 3. UseofVisual Materials 4. Observation and Analysis 5. CooperativeLearning 6. Research Projects 1. Learning based on experiments and practice: In this method, students observe nature, studying weather conditions, birds, trees, animals, mountains, and plants in their natural environment. They conduct various experiments while utilizing theoretical knowledge and performingpractical activities. 2. Interactive methods: This method is used to increase students' interest in lessons. For example, engaging games, projects, discussions, project-based activities, and quick question- answer sessions help booststudents' participation and engagement in thelearning process. 3. Use of visual materials: In teaching natural sciences, students are provided with various photos, videos, short films, graphics, and other visual materials to help them develop independent thinkingskills. 4. Observation and analysis: Students observe their surroundings, analyze the knowledge they acquire, study different scientific methods, and conduct experiments to enhance their understanding. 5. Cooperative learning: This method encourages students to work together in groups, support each other, collaborate on experiments, and develop teamwork skills. It helps them take theirfirst steps in organizingwork within acommunity. page1421 INTERNATIONAL J