THE ROLE OF VOCABULARY WORK IN TEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Аннотация

This article examines the importance of working on vocabulary in Russian language and literature lessons as one of the key aspects of students' speech development. The author analyzes the stages of vocabulary work, including semanticization, activation, and the application of words in speech, and proposes effective methodological approaches and exercises for expanding students' vocabulary. The article emphasizes the necessity of a systematic and purposeful study of vocabulary, integrated into all sections of the Russian language curriculum. Drawing on the works of leading linguists and methodologists, the author argues that activating page1332 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai students' vocabulary not only improves their speech skills butalso contributes to the formation of moral values. This work may be useful for Russian language teachers, methodologists, and researchers in thefields of pedagogy and linguistics. Vocabulary work in Russian language and literature classes plays a crucial role in enriching students' vocabulary. This article presents the stages of vocabulary work, as well as sample exercises with additionaltasks using selected vocabulary during lessons. Prominent educators and methodologists have emphasized the need to develop children's speech andnurture a love fortheir native language. K.D. Ushinsky advocated for the development of the "gift of speech," highlighting its importance in shaping children's cognitive activities and further learning. Hestated: "A child who is not accustomed to understanding the meaning ofwords, who understands them vaguely or not at all, and who has not acquired the habit of using them freely in spoken and written speech, will always struggle with this deficiency when studying other subjects." Research Objective The goal of this study is to develop students' speech, which requires systematic work on its content, teaching students to construct sentences sequentially, carefully select appropriate words andtheirforms, and consistently work onthecorrect expression ofthoughts. Vocabulary work should not be an isolated episode in a teacher’s work but rather a systematic, well-organized, and pedagogically structured activity integrated into all sections of the Russian language curriculum. The renowned scholar-methodologist A.V. Tekuchev wrote: "Vocabulary work is not an occasional activity in teaching but a systematic, well-organized, and pedagogically structured process related to all sections of theRussian language course." Stages ofVocabulary Work Vocabulary work can be divided intothefollowing stages: 1. Semantization oftheword(explaining itsmeaning) 2. Activation ofthe word (encouraging its use) 3. Application ofthewordin speech Activating vocabulary is one of the most important aspects of vocabulary work in lessons. The teacher’s task is to help students master the collocational and contextual use of passive words, converting them into active vocabulary. A word is considered activated when a student uses it at least once in retellings, stories, dialogues, letters, essays, etc. Mastery of a word includes knowledgeofits semantics, collocations,and usage. Methodological Basis oftheStudy The research is based on the works of linguists specializing in terminology, including A.A. Reformatsky, G.O. Vinokur, V.P.Danilenko, O.S. Akhmanova, T.L. Kandelaki, L.A. Kapanadze, page1333 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai V.A. Tatarnov, S.V. Grinev, B.N. Golovin, R.Y. Kobrin, A.V. Superanskaya, N.V. Podolskaya, N.V.Vasilyeva, V.M. Leichik, L.Y. Buyanova, G.P. Nemets, T.H. Kade, S.D. Shelov,and others. The study of terminology systems is not new in linguistics and continues to attract increasing attention from researchers. General questions of sectoral terminology are reflected in studies such as S.G. Kazarin’s "Typological Characteristics of Sectoral Terminology" (Kazarin, 1999), Z.I. Komarova’s "Semantic Problems of Russian Sectoral Terminography" (Komarova, 1991), A.V. Milyuk’s "Secondary Nomination in Sectoral Terminologies" (Milyuk, 2004), and T.V. Ryzhenkova’s "Specifics of the Trans-Terminolization Process in Sectoral Terminology Systems" (Ryzhenkova, 2001). EffectiveMethodsof Vocabulary Work Explaining a word is only the first step in enriching students’ vocabulary. To ensure a word becomes part of a student's active vocabulary, extensive work is required. Practical experience in speech development suggests that routine and randomness are unacceptable; instead, a structured, flexible, andongoing approach to word studyshould be planned for every lesson. A word is memorized more effectively when perceived through multiple sensory channels. Thus, each